集合是一个无序不重复元素的集。set()函数可以用来创建集合。
basket = {'apple','orange','apple','pear','orange','banana'}
print(basket)
print('orange' in basket)
print('crabgrass' in basket)
结果:
{'apple', 'banana', 'pear', 'orange'}
True
False
a = set('abracadabra')
b = set('alacazam')
print(a)
print(a - b)
print(a | b)
print(a & b)
print(a ^ b)
结果:
{'b', 'c', 'r', 'a', 'd'}
{'r', 'b', 'd'}
{'z', 'b', 'l', 'c', 'r', 'a', 'm', 'd'}
{'c', 'a'}
{'r', 'b', 'l', 'z', 'd', 'm'}
集合推导式:
a = {
x for x in 'abracadabra'
if x not in 'abc'
}
print(a)
结果:
{'r', 'd'}