Python核心编程 第18章 多线程

1.对python虚拟机的访问由全局解释器锁来控制，正是这个锁能保证同一时刻只有一个线程在运行。

import threading 
loops = [4,2];

def loop(nloop, nsec):
    print 'start loop', nloop, 'at:', ctime();
    sleep(nsec);
    print 'loop', nloop, 'done at:', ctime();

def main():
    print 'starting at:', ctime();
    threads = [];
    nloops = range(len(loops));
    
    for i in nloops:
        t = threading.Thread(target=loop, args=(i, loops[i]));
        threads.append(t);
    
    for i in nloops:
        threads[i].start();
        
    for i in nloops:
        threads[i].join(); #join() wait the thread over.
    
    print 'all NONE at:', ctime();
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main();  

创建一个Thread的实例，传给它一个可调用的类对象。

loops = [4,2];

class ThreadFunc(object):
    def __init__(self, func, args, name=''):
        self.name = name;
        self.func = func;
        self.args = args;
    
    def __call__(self):
        apply(self.func, self.args);

def loop(nloop, nsec):
    print 'start loop', nloop, 'at:', ctime();
    sleep(nsec);
    print 'loop', nloop, 'done at:', ctime();

def main():
    print 'starting at:', ctime();
    threads = [];
    nloops = range(len(loops));
    
    for i in nloops:
        t = threading.Thread(target=ThreadFunc(loop, (i, loops[i]), loop.__name__));
        threads.append(t);
    
    for i in nloops:
        threads[i].start();
        
    for i in nloops:
        threads[i].join(); #join() wait the thread over.
    
    print 'all NONE at:', ctime();
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main();     

创建新线程的时候，Thread对象会调用ThreadFunc对象，这时会用到一个特殊函数__call__()。

从Thread派生出一个子类，创建一个这个子类的实例。

loops = (4,2);

class MyThread(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, func, args, name=''):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self);
        self.name = name;
        self.func = func;
        self.args = args;
    
    def run(self):
        apply(self.func, self.args);

def loop(nloop, nsec):
    print 'start loop', nloop, 'at:', ctime();
    sleep(nsec);
    print 'loop', nloop, 'done at:', ctime();

def main():
    print 'starting at:', ctime();
    threads = [];
    nloops = range(len(loops));
    
    for i in nloops:
        t = MyThread(loop, (i, loops[i]), loop.__name__);
        threads.append(t);
    
    for i in nloops:
        threads[i].start();
        
    for i in nloops:
        threads[i].join(); #join() wait the thread over.
    
    print 'all NONE at:', ctime();
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main();