kubernetes单Master集群搭建及安装UI管理界面Dashboard安装

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已于 2022-04-01 23:48:40 修改

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分类专栏： kubernetes 文章标签： kubernetes

于 2022-04-01 23:34:29 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/sujiangming/article/details/123908892

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kubernetes单Master集群搭建及安装UI管理界面Dashboard安装

一、环境说明

实验环境：

资源配置	说明
笔记本电脑	内存 16G+
VMWare Workstation	15+版本
kubernetes	1.18.10
kubernetes-dashboard	2.0.3
CentOS7.+	内核版本: 5.17.1-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64（`如小于则需要进行内核升级`）

三台虚拟机内存分配如下：

节点	内存	IP分配
k8s-master	4G （主节点，内存分配大些）	192.168.76.140
k8s-node1	2G （Worker）	192.168.76.141
k8s-node2	2G （Worker）	192.168.76.142

如条件允许情况下，可以将所有节点内容调整高些，如4G

二、kubernetes部署方式

目前生产部署k8s集群主要有两种方式：

方式	说明
kubeadm方式	kubeadm是一个k8s部署工具，提供kubeadmin init和kubeadm join，用于快速部署k8s集群。`kubeadm`降低部署门槛低，但是屏蔽了很多细节，遇到问题很难排查。
二级制包	从GitHub下载发行版的二进制包，手动部署每个组件，组成k8s集群。手动部署比较麻烦，但可控性高，便于学习更多原理。

为了快速搭建环境进行学习，我这里选择了kubeadm方式进行搭建环境。

三、kubernetes集群拓扑结构

集群拓扑设计图
集群各个节点运行的服务

注意：这个拓扑是四节点，而我们搭建的环境是三节点，比图少了一个

四、部署Kubernetes步骤

所有主机都需要关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

所有主机都需要关闭selinux

# 永久
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
# 重启
reboot

所有主机关闭swap分区

# 永久
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
# 重启
reboot

设置主机名

hostnamectl --static set-hostname k8s-master
hostnamectl --static set-hostname k8s-node1
hostnamectl --static set-hostname k8s-node2

在所有主机节点上添加hosts

cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.76.140 k8s-master
192.168.76.141 k8s-node1
192.168.76.142 k8s-node2
EOF

所有主机将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
vm.swappiness = 0
EOF

# 加载br_netfilter模块
modprobe br_netfilter

# 查看是否加载
lsmod | grep br_netfilter

# 生效
sysctl --system

所有主机时间同步

yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com

所有主机开启ipvs

yum -y install ipset ipvsadm

cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack
EOF

授权、运行、检查是否加载

chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack

检查是否加载
```
lsmod | grep -e ipvs -e nf_conntrack
```

所有节点安装Docker/kubeadm/kubelet/kubectl

wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

yum -y install docker-ce-18.06.3.ce-3.el7

systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker

docker version

Master设置Docker镜像加速器：

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker

sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],	
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

Matser添加阿里云的YUM软件源

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

安装kubeadm、kubelet和kubectl

yum install -y kubelet-1.18.10 kubeadm-1.18.10 kubectl-1.18.10

为了实现Docker使用的cgroup drvier和kubelet使用的cgroup drver一致，建议修改"/etc/sysconfig/kubelet"文件的内容（Matser节点）：
```
vim /etc/sysconfig/kubelet
```
```
# 修改
KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd"
```
设置为开机自启动即可，由于没有生成配置文件，集群初始化后自动启动：
```
systemctl enable kubelet
```

部署k8s的Master节点

kubeadm init \
  --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.76.140 \
  --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
  --kubernetes-version v1.18.10 \
  --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \
  --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

执行成功后：
在这里插入图片描述
根据提示信息，在Master节点上使用kubectl工具：

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

在这里插入图片描述

默认的token有效期为24小时，当过期之后，该token就不能用了，这时可以使用如下的命令创建token：

kubeadm token create --print-join-command

# 生成一个永不过期的token
kubeadm token create --ttl 0

生成Token如下：在这里插入图片描述 20. 添加k8s的Node节点，分别在Node节点执行如下信息，其中Token是上一步的生成的值：

# 向k8s集群中添加Node节点
kubeadm join 192.168.217.100:6443 --token jffxbn.ccjd56tm99cmknk6 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:ce2111ce594e5189255144a72268250e5eedda87470cc3a1f69f8c973927699e

在Master节点部署CNI网络插件，由于官网下载kube-flannel.yml文件会无法访问的情况，这里新建该文件并把内容贴在如下

---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
  name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
  annotations:
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
  privileged: false
  volumes:
    - configMap
    - secret
    - emptyDir
    - hostPath
  allowedHostPaths:
    - pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
    - pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
    - pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
  readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
  # Users and groups
  runAsUser:
    rule: RunAsAny
  supplementalGroups:
    rule: RunAsAny
  fsGroup:
    rule: RunAsAny
  # Privilege Escalation
  allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  # Capabilities
  allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN']
  defaultAddCapabilities: []
  requiredDropCapabilities: []
  # Host namespaces
  hostPID: false
  hostIPC: false
  hostNetwork: true
  hostPorts:
  - min: 0
    max: 65535
  # SELinux
  seLinux:
    # SELinux is unused in CaaSP
    rule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: flannel
rules:
  - apiGroups: ['extensions']
    resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
    verbs: ['use']
    resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - pods
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes/status
    verbs:
      - patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
data:
  cni-conf.json: |
    {
      "name": "cbr0",
      "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "flannel",
          "delegate": {
            "hairpinMode": true,
            "isDefaultGateway": true
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "capabilities": {
            "portMappings": true
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - amd64
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
            add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-arm64
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - arm64
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-arm
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - arm
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - ppc64le
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-s390x
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - s390x
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg

执行如下命令，使其CNI生效（Master节点上执行）：
```
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
```
执行成功如下所示：（部分截图）

查看部署CNI网络插件进度：
```
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
```
执行成功如下图所示：

在Master节点执行ifconfig会看到如下信息：
在Master节点使用kubectl工具查看节点状态：
```
kubectl get nodes
```
执行成功如下所示：
查看集群健康状态：
```
kubectl get cs
```
执行成功如下所示：

执行如下命令查看集群整体状态：
```
kubectl cluster-info
```
执行成功如下所示：

至此集群搭建完毕

五、部署Kubernetes-dashboard步骤

（Master节点上执行）下载dashboard配置文件recommended.yaml，下载地址官网

修改recommended.yaml文件，修改内容如下所示：新增type: NodePort 和 nodePort：30000，以便能实现非本机访问:

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  clusterIP: 10.102.198.114
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30000
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  sessionAffinity: None
  # 修改
  type: NodePort
status:
  loadBalancer: {}

 截图如下：

在这里插入图片描述

执行如下命令，应用并生效：
```
kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
```
执行成功如下图所示：

使用kubectl get pods --all-namespaces查看，成功创建；

执行如下命令查看服务运行情况：
```
kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get service kubernetes-dashboard
```
截图所示：

创建认证令牌(RBAC)

创建一个admin-user，新增dashboard-adminuser.yaml，执行如下命令：

vim dashboard-adminuser.yaml

添加如下内容：

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
  
---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

使其生效，执行如下命令：
```
kubectl apply -f dashboard-adminuser.yaml
```
成功截图所示：

生成Token，执行如下命令：

kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard describe secret $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $1}')

成功截图：
在这里插入图片描述

浏览器中输入WorkerNode节点IP地址和端口号进行访问，如https://192.168.76.142:30000，注意：这里一定需要使用https协议才行
成功如下图所示：

复制之前生成的Token，然后输入，点击登录，成功如下图所示：

到此，已经全部部署完毕！！！希望对你有所帮助，谢谢点赞！！！！