1. An Atomic Receiver for AM and FM Radio Communication
用于 AM 和 FM 无线电通信的原子接收器
David Alexander Anderson. Rachel Elizabeth Sapiro. Georg Raithel.
“Radio reception relies on antennas for the collection of electromagnetic fields carrying information, and receiver elements for demodulation and retrieval of the transmitted information. Here, we demonstrate an atom-based receiver for AM and FM microwave communication with a 3 dB bandwidth in the baseband of ~100 kHz that provides optical circuit-free field pickup, multiband carrier capability, and inherently high field sensitivity. The atom-based receiver exploits field-sensitive cesium Rydberg vapors in a centimeter-sized glass cell, and electromagnetically induced transparency, a quantum-optical effect, as a readout of baseband signals modulated onto carriers with frequencies ranging over four octaves, from -band to -band. Receiver bandwidth, dynamic range and sideband suppression are characterized, and acquisition of audio waveforms of human vocals demonstrated. The atomic receiver is a valuable receiver technology because it does not require antenna structures and is resilient against electromagnetic interference, while affording multiband operation in a single compact receiving element.
2. Design and Analysis of Dual-Band Implantable Antennas Based on Effective Relative Permittivity Calculation
基于有效相对介电常数计算的双频植入式天线设计与分析
Li-Jie Xu. Zhao-Jun Chu. Lei Zhu. Jin-Peng Xu. Zhu Duan.
“This article presents the design and analysis of dual-band implantable antennas based on effective relative permittivity calculation. First, the effective relative permittivity for a microstrip antenna inside lossy tissue is analyzed, helping establish the basis for the design of our proposed dual-band implantable antenna. The antenna operates in 1.4 GHz Wireless Medical Telemetry Service (WMTS) band and 2.45 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band under proper feeding scheme. The lower band with quarter-wavelength resonance is realized by introducing two shorting pins to orthogonal strips. As a disturbance between two arc-shaped tails with open end is introduced, it can achieve circular polarization (CP) radiation property. Meanwhile, the higher band with half-wavelength resonance is realized through the path connecting two asymmetric open-end tails, so as to achieve linear polarization (LP) radiation property. As such, a wide CP bandwidth of 10.38% in WMTS band and a wide impedance bandwidth of 21.3% in ISM band are achieved and in final verified in experiment.
3. Tapered All-Dielectric EBGs With 3-D Additive Manufacturing for High-Gain Resonant-Cavity Antennas
用于高增益谐振腔天线的具有 3D 增材制造技术的锥形全介电 EBG
Cristina Ponti. Paolo Baccarelli. Silvio Ceccuzzi. Giuseppe Schettini.
“A resonant-cavity antenna is implemented assembling on an open-ended rectangular waveguide a wideband electromagnetic band gap (EBG), designed as a multilayer. Two different implementations of the multilayer are proposed, labeled as Cases A and B. As to Case A, a high-permittivity layer is embedded between two slabs of low permittivity, whereas a single layer of low permittivity, surrounded by two high-permittivity slabs, is employed in Case B. Successful performances of the broadband behavior are also dependent on the side length of the EBG, that is truncated to small footprints, with an effect of high sidelobe level (SLL). Therefore, grid layouts with nonuniform air holes are proposed for in-plane realization of the dielectric slabs. Their effect in the EBG superstrate is a nonuniform spatial reflectivity, that reduces the SLL keeping a good wideband response. In the EBG manufacturing, both numerically controlled machining techniques and 3-D printing have been employed. 3-D printing has been used for the low permittivity layers, realized in the polylactic acid (PLA) filament, allowing more flexibility in the fabrication of the grid slabs to custom layouts. Results of two antenna prototypes assembling the EBGs, with the parameters of Cases-A and -B and grid layout, to the waveguide source are reported.
4. Finding Optimal Total Active Reflection Coefficient and Realized Gain for Multiport Lossy Antennas
寻找多端口有损天线的最佳总有源反射系数和实现增益
Miloslav Capek. Lukas Jelinek. Michal Masek.
“A numerically effective description of the total active reflection coefficient and realized gain is studied for multiport antennas. Material losses are fully considered. The description is based on operators represented in an entire-domain port-mode basis, i.e., on matrices with favorably small dimensions. Optimal performance is investigated, and the conditions on optimal excitation and matching are derived. The solution to the combinatorial problem of optimal ports’ placement and optimal feeding synthesis is also accomplished. Four examples of various complexities are numerically studied, demonstrating the advantages of the proposed method. The final formulas can easily be implemented in existing electromagnetic simulators using an integral equation solver.
5. Directive 2-D Beam Steering by Means of a Multiport Radially Periodic Leaky-Wave Antenna
通过多端口径向周期漏波天线进行定向二维波束控制
Davide Comite. Maksim Kuznetcov. Victoria Gómez-Guillamón Buendía. Symon K. Podilchak. Paolo Baccarelli. Paolo Burghignoli. Alessandro Galli.
“A multifed radially periodic two-dimensional leaky-wave antenna is proposed for the generation of a directional beam continuously scanning in elevation by changing the frequency, and over a discrete number of directions in azimuth when activating different elements of the feeding system. The structure is planar and constituted by a circular grounded dielectric slab loaded with microstrip rings, properly positioned around the sources to support the propagation of an angularly directional surface wave over a sector determined by the corresponding activated feeder. This produces a perturbation of the surface wave, resulting in the generation of a directional leaky wave over the aperture, whose complex propagation constant is described by a single fast backward spatial harmonic. The antenna radiation features are numerically investigated in conjunction with the dispersion analysis of the structure, validated through a conventional generalized-pencil-of-function approach. Full-wave simulations have been developed to design a practical feeder, which is constituted by a circular arrangement of commercial coaxial connectors. The proposed multiport antenna is validated by means of measurements performed on a microwave manufactured prototype. The design represents an attractive simple and cost-effective solution to achieve a high-gain beam scanning over the three-dimensional space, alternative to more conventional phased-array design based on cumbersome and lossy feeding networks.
6. 3D Beam Steering End-Fire Helical Antenna With Beamwidth Control Using Plasma Reflectors
使用等离子反射器控制波束宽度的 3D 波束控制端射螺旋天线
Fatemeh Sadeghikia. Mahsa Valipour. Mahmoud Talafi Noghani. Hajar Ja’afar. Ali Karami Horestani.
“In this article, a beam steerable antenna based on plasma reflectors is presented. The proposed antenna consists of an axial mode helical antenna surrounded by an array of plasma reflector elements forming a cup-shaped ground. In this configuration, the elements of the reflector array can be individually switched on or off to achieve different radiation characteristics for the helical antenna. Specifically, it is shown that the symmetric activation of a specified number of elements of the plasma array can be used to control the beamwidth of the antenna. Moreover, the plasma reflectors can be asymmetrically configured to steer the endfire beam pattern of the helical antenna in 3-D space. To validate the concept, the proposed antenna is designed and numerically simulated. The simulation results show that using the proposed method, the beamwidth of the proposed antenna can be changed from 37° to 50° while the beam direction can be altered in 3-D space within a solid angle of ±6°. Finally, a prototype of the designed antenna is fabricated and its radiation characteristics for various configurations of the plasma reflectors are measured. Good agreement between the simulation and measurement results validates the proposed method.
7. Misalignment Resilient Anchor-Shaped Antennas in Near-Field Wireless Power Transfer Using Electric and Magnetic Coupling Modes
使用电和磁耦合模式的近场无线电力传输中的未对准弹性锚形天线
Dieff Vital. Shubhendu Bhardwaj.
“In this article, we propose a new antenna geometry for near-field magnetoelectric wireless power transfer (ME-WPT) application, where the antenna geometry is found to be resilient to misalignment between the receiving and the transmitting antennas. The proposed geometry is simple to fabricate and is planar, and therefore it can be easily integrated with various platforms suitable for wearable applications. The proposed structure is demonstrated to show improved WPT efficiency under different forms of misalignment between the transmitting and receiving antennas by the virtue of miniaturization and the fringing fields. Specifically, a central bar structure is added in the traditional loop antenna to provide dipole-like and miniaturized performance. Concurrently, a discontinuity in the loop is introduced to enable fringing fields beyond the aperture of the antenna. Investigations are conducted to conclude that a superiority in the performance is associated with these fringing fields. Design-optimization, simulation, and measurement investigations are conducted to estimate the WPT performance under various forms of misalignment. Notably, the proposed structure shows an increase as high as 65% in power transfer efficiency within the range of misalignment considered in this work.
8. Omnidirectional Dual-Polarized Low-Profile Textile Rectenna With Over 50% Efficiency for Sub-μW/cm2 Wearable Power Harvesting
全向双极化薄型纺织整流天线，效率超过 50%，用于亚 μW/cm2 可穿戴功率收集
Mahmoud Wagih. Alex S. Weddell. Steve Beeby.
“Despite the recent advances in textile antennas, in complete systems such as a rectenna, the efficiency of fully textile solutions has been over 46% lower than hybrid textile/rigid implementations. This article presents a fully textile rectenna for ultralow-power sub- /cm 2 applications. A dual-polarized omnidirectional low-profile textile antenna is presented. The rectenna is based on a compact inductively matched rectifier. The textile-based rectifier occupies 0.22 cm 2 and achieves a state-of-the-art power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 41.8% at −20 dBm, at 820 MHz, despite its lossy substrate. A triple-band rectifier is then designed and fabricated to show the scalability of the matching approach. The rectifier is characterized using a new figure of merit “average PCE” over a time period while charging a capacitor. Time-varying S-parameters are used to quantify the impact of the capacitor’s charge on the impedance matching. The rectifier directly charges a 1.32 mF capacitor up to 1 V in 0.41 and 4.5 s from 10 and 0 dBm, respectively. Wireless testing of the proposed rectenna demonstrates over 50% and 40% (PCE) below /cm 2 in space and on-body, respectively. The rectenna efficiently receives power from mismatched polarization and with a 360° half-power beamwidth.
9. Design of Novel Printed Filtering Dipole Antennas
新型印刷滤波偶极子天线的设计
Kai-Ran Xiang. Fu-Chang Chen. Qian Tan. Qing-Xin Chu.
“A method of designing a printed filtering dipole antenna using codesign of bandpass filter (BPF) and antenna is proposed in this article. The printed dipole antennas consist of two identical arms, which are placed on the opposite sides of the substrate. One arm of the dipole is used to construct the half-wavelength resonator of a typical BPF, and thus filtering and radiation performance can be obtained simultaneously. A third-order filtering dipole antenna is designed and analyzed in detail to demonstrate the codesign method. The measured S 11 of the filtering dipole antenna is less than −11 dB in the range of 0.94–1.094 GHz and the peak gain is 7.8 dBi. To extend this design method, a third-order ±45° dual-polarized filtering dipole antenna is designed and measured. The measured S 11 and S 22 of the ±45° dual-polarized filtering dipole antenna are both less than −11 dB in the range of 0.94–1.08 GHz. Besides, the isolation between them is higher than 20 dB in the passband. The measured radiation patterns show that the dual-polarized filtering dipole antenna would be a potential candidate for base stations.
10. Triple-Radiation Pattern Monopulse Horn Feed With Compact Single-Layer Comparator Network
具有紧凑型单层比较器网络的三重辐射模式单脉冲喇叭馈源
Lucas Polo-López. Juan Córcoles. Jorge A. Ruiz-Cruz. José R. Montejo-Garai. Jesús M. Rebollar.
“A monopulse horn feed with a triple-radiation pattern (sum, elevation difference, and azimuthal difference) operating at 35 GHz is presented. The device consists of three main parts: a spline profiled horn, a mode converter that generates the modal field combinations that produce each radiation pattern, and a very compact single-layer monopulse comparator network. Unlike other state-of-the-art designs, the novel feed is based on a triple-radiation pattern horn with a mode converter excited by a comparator network implemented in a single level for improving the compactness and easing quasi-2-D manufacturing. The kernel of this network is a novel 180° H-plane waveguide coupler with in-line ports, which avoids any additional phase compensation in the routing waveguide sections used in other works. The design process of the -band antenna feed is described, and the simulated results for the three radiation patterns and their associated reflection coefficients are presented. The prototyping process is outlined, and the obtained experimental results are compared with the simulated ones showing very good agreement and validating the design process.
11. High-Resolution Implantable Microcoil Antennas for Blood-Vessel Imaging in High-Field MRIs
用于高场 MRI 中血管成像的高分辨率可植入微线圈天线
Sana Ullah. Hyoungsuk Yoo.
“This article presents rectangular and circular intravascula
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