网络管理自动化 - Ansible 入门（1）

场景：某公司内部有1台路由器，1台核心交换机，2台接入交换机，希望通过ansible来进行管理。

做法：

1. 基础配置

linux主机下创建ansible文件夹，文件夹内创建ansible.cfg（名字不能改）和hosts（名字可改），

ansible.cfg 内容如下：

[defaults]
host_key_checking = False  #跳过SSH key的检查
inventory = ./hosts  #使用自定义的设备目录
timeout = 5  #连接超时

hosts 内容如下：

[R]  #路由器
10.0.0.241

[CS]  #核心交换机
10.0.0.242

[AS]  #接入交换机
10.0.0.243
10.0.0.244

[all:vars]
ansible_user = user  #登录用户名
ansible_password = password  #登录密码
ansible_connection = network_cli  #连接类型
ansible_network_os = ios  #设备类型，ios是思科
ansible_port = 22  #连接端口

2. 测试连通性

在ansible目录下运行命令：

$ ansible AS -m ping  #只ping接入交换机
10.0.0.244 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}
10.0.0.243 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}

$ ansible all -m ping  #ping所有网络设备
（结果略，包含"ping": "pong"则表示设备可达）

3. 运行查看命令

在ansible目录下运行命令：

$ ansible CS -m ios_command -a "commands='show ip int br'"
10.0.0.242 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "stdout": [
        "Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol\nGigabitEthernet0/0     unassigned      YES unset  up                    up      \nGigabitEthernet0/1     unassigned      YES unset  up                    up      \nGigabitEthernet0/2     unassigned      YES unset  up                    up      \nGigabitEthernet0/3     10.0.0.242      YES manual up                    up      \nGigabitEthernet1/0     unassigned      YES unset  up                    up      \nGigabitEthernet1/1     unassigned      YES unset  up                    up      \nGigabitEthernet1/2     unassigned      YES unset  up                    up      \nGigabitEthernet1/3     unassigned      YES unset  up                    up      \nVlan1                  unassigned      YES manual up                    up"
    ],
    "stdout_lines": [
        [
            "Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol",
            "GigabitEthernet0/0     unassigned      YES unset  up                    up      ",
            "GigabitEthernet0/1     unassigned      YES unset  up                    up      ",
            "GigabitEthernet0/2     unassigned      YES unset  up                    up      ",
            "GigabitEthernet0/3     10.0.0.242      YES manual up                    up      ",
            "GigabitEthernet1/0     unassigned      YES unset  up                    up      ",
            "GigabitEthernet1/1     unassigned      YES unset  up                    up      ",
            "GigabitEthernet1/2     unassigned      YES unset  up                    up      ",
            "GigabitEthernet1/3     unassigned      YES unset  up                    up      ",
            "Vlan1                  unassigned      YES manual up                    up"
        ]
    ]
}

下一节，运行剧本来对设备的进行自动配置，点击跳转：网络管理自动化 - Ansible 入门（2）