第4天C++练习

 

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Human{
    private:
        string name;
        int age;
    public:
        Human(){cout<<"human的无参构造函数"<<endl;}
        Human(string n,int a)
            :name(n),age(a)
        {
            cout<<"human的有参构造函数"<<endl;
        }
        ~Human(){cout<<"human的析构函数"<<endl;}
        void show()
        {
            cout<<"human的show()"<<endl;
            cout<<"human::"<<"姓名:"<<name<<" 年龄:"<<age<<endl;
        }
        void setName(string n)
        {
            name=n;
        }
};

//学生类
class Student:virtual public Human
{
    private:
        double score;
    public:
        Student(){cout<<"student的无参构造函数"<<endl;}
        Student(string n,int a,double s)
            :Human(n,a),score(s){cout<<"student的有参构造函数"<<endl;}
        ~Student(){cout<<"student的析构函数"<<endl;}
        void show()
        {
            cout<<"student的show()"<<endl;
            Human::show();
            cout<<"成绩:"<<score<<endl;
        }
        void show(string s)
        {
            cout<<"student的show()"<<endl;
            if(s=="score")  
            {
                cout<<"成绩:"<<score<<endl;
                return ;
            }
            Human::show();
            cout<<"成绩:"<<score<<endl;
        }
        void setScore(double s)
        {
            score=s;
        }
};

//党员类
class Party:virtual public Human{
    private:
        string activity;        //党组织活动
        string party;
    public:
        Party(){cout<<"party的无参构造函数"<<endl;}
        Party(string n,int a,string act,string p)
            :Human(n,a),activity(act),party(p){cout<<"party的有参构造函数"<<endl;}
        ~Party(){cout<<"party的析构函数"<<endl;}
        void show()
        {
            cout<<"part的show()"<<endl;
            Human::show();
            cout<<"党组织活动:"<<activity<<" 党派:"<<party<<endl;
        }
        void show(string s)
        {
            cout<<"part的show()"<<endl;
            if(s == "party")
            {
                cout<<"党派:"<<party<<endl;
                return ;
            }
            Human::show();
            cout<<"党组织活动:"<<activity<<" 党派:"<<party<<endl;
        }
};

//学生干部
class StudentCadre:public Student,public Party{
    private:
        string position;//职务
    public:
        StudentCadre(){cout<<"studentcadre的无参构造函数"<<endl;}
        StudentCadre(string n,int a,double s,string act,string p,string pos):Human(n,a),Student(n,a,s),Party(n,a,act,p),position(pos){cout<<"studentcadre的有参构造函数"<<endl;}

        ~StudentCadre(){cout<<"studentcadre的析构函数"<<endl;}
        void show()
        {
            cout<<"studentcadre的show()"<<endl;
            Human::show();
            Student::show("score");
            Party::show("party"); 
            cout<<"职务:"<<position<<endl;
        }
};



int main()
{
    StudentCadre sc("张三",18,90,"党员活动","共产党","班长");
    cout<<" sizeof(sc) = "<< sizeof(sc)<<endl;
    sc.show();
    return 0;
}

 

 

对于函数模板和类模板来说，它们的实现机制主要依赖于编译器在编译时期生成特定类型的代码。这意味着对于每一种需要的类型，编译器都会生成一个模板的实例。例如，如果你有一个函数模板 max 并且用 int 和 double 类型调用了它，编译器将生成两个不同的函数版本，一个用于 int 类型，另一个用于 double 类型。

这种实例化是在编译时完成的，因此不会影响运行时性能。但是，它可能会增加编译时间和生成的代码量，因为每个实例都是独立的函数或类。

 

 

#include "iostream"
#include "cmath"
using namespace std;

class graphical{
    protected:
        float perm;
        float area;
    public:
        float get_perm()
        {
            return perm;
        }
        float get_area()
        {
            return area ;
        }
};

class rectangle:public graphical{
    private:
        float length;
        float wide;
    public:
        rectangle(float l,float w)
        {
            length = l;
            wide = w;
            perm = 2*(length+wide);
            area = length*wide;
        }
};

class circle:public graphical{
    private:
        float radius;
    public:
        circle(float r)
        {
            radius = r;
            perm = 2*3.14*radius;
            area = 3.14*radius*radius;
        }
};

//定义三角形类
class triangle:public graphical{
    private:
        float a;
        float b;
        float c;
    public:
        triangle(float a,float b,float c)
        {
            this->a = a;
            this->b = b;
            this->c = c;
            perm = a+b+c;
            area = sqrt((a+b+c)*(a+b-c)*(a+c-b)*(b+c-a))/4;
        }
};

//定义一个全局函数，出入任意一个图形，输出该图形的周长和面积
void func(graphical &g)
{
    cout << "周长：" << g.get_perm() << endl;
    cout << "面积：" << g.get_area() << endl;
}

int main()
{
    rectangle r(3,4);
    circle c(5);
    triangle t(3,4,5);
    func(r);
    func(c);
    func(t);
    return 0;
}