androdi基础fragment

     android3.0引入了fragment这个概念。它在一个活动中可以是用户界面或行为。下面我们就来一探究竟：

     fragment生命周期

     fragment和activity是紧密结合在一起的，虽然有自己的生命周期，但是activity的生命周期直接影响fragment的生命周期：

                                                               

     该图来源于：(file:///D:/AndroidSDK/docs/images/fragment_lifecycle.png)

     fragment生命周期中，我们关注的至少有三个生命周期方法：onCreate、onCreateView、onPause。而在onCreateView方法中就可以创建用户界面了。

    添加fragment到activity中

    添加fragment到activity中有两种方法：

            一、在layout文件中中添加fragment，例如下面代码将TestFragments作为UI添加到某个activity中

                               <fragment     android:name="grp.rp.android.TestFragments" android:id="@+id/fragmentId"
                                                      android:layout_width="fill_parent"  android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>

         二、使用FragmentManager

                        此时需要先获得一个FragmentTransaction对象，然后调用FragmentTransaction的add方法将一个fragment作为UI添加到activity。

                       如：

                             FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
                            FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();
                            TestFragments test = new TestFragments();
                            ft.add(R.id.ll, test);
                            ft.commit();

                       注意：要使fragment生效需要调用commit方法。

    下面就写个简单的例子，首先还是将工程结构图给出：

                                  

          FragmentsTestActivity.java

             public class FragmentsTestActivity extends Activity {
    TextView mTv ;
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        //one method to use fragment .
//        setContentView(R.layout.main);
//        FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
//        TestFragments tf = (TestFragments)fm.findFragmentById(R.id.fragmentId);
//        mTv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.fEditText);
//        mTv.setText(tf.getLifeCycleString());
        
        //the other method to use fragment.
        setContentView(R.layout.second_main);
        FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
        FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();
        TestFragments test = new TestFragments();
        ft.add(R.id.ll, test);
        ft.commit();
    }
}

       TestFragments.java

          public class TestFragments extends Fragment {

    private StringBuilder mSb = new StringBuilder(100);
    public TestFragments(){}

    @Override
    public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
        mSb.append("fragments Life cycle --> onActivityCreated called !\n");
        Log.i("tag", "fragments Life cycle --> onActivityCreated called !\n");
    }

    @Override
    public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
        super.onAttach(activity);
        mSb.append("fragments Life cycle --> onAttach called !\n");
        Log.i("tag", "fragments Life cycle --> onAttach called !\n");
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        mSb.append("fragments Life cycle --> onCreate called !\n");
        Log.i("tag", "fragments Life cycle --> onCreate called !\n");
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
            Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        mSb.append("fragments Life cycle --> onCreateView called !\n");
        Log.i("tag", "fragments Life cycle --> onCreateView called !\n");
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragments_layout, container, false);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        mSb.append("fragments Life cycle --> onDestroy called !\n");
        Log.i("tag", "fragments Life cycle --> onDestroy called !\n");
    }

    @Override
    public void onDetach() {
        super.onDetach();
        mSb.append("fragments Life cycle --> onDetach called !\n");
        Log.i("tag", "fragments Life cycle --> onDetach called !\n");
    }

    @Override
    public void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        mSb.append("fragments Life cycle --> onPause called !\n");
        Log.i("tag", "fragments Life cycle --> onPause called !\n");
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        mSb.append("fragments Life cycle --> onResume called !\n");
        Log.i("tag", "fragments Life cycle --> onResume called !\n");
    }
    @Override
    public void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        mSb.append("fragments Life cycle --> onStart called !\n");
        Log.i("tag", "fragments Life cycle --> onStart called !\n");
    }
    @Override
    public void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        mSb.append("fragments Life cycle --> onStop called !\n");
        Log.i("tag", "fragments Life cycle --> onStop called !\n");
    }
    
    public String getLifeCycleString(){
        return mSb.toString();
    }
}

           main.xml

          <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/hello" />

    <fragment     android:name="grp.rp.android.TestFragments"
                android:id="@+id/fragmentId"
                android:layout_width="fill_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
</LinearLayout>

         second_main.xml

          <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/ll"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

</LinearLayout>

          fragments_layout.xml

        <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/fEditText"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="0.49" >
    </EditText>

</LinearLayout>

      就这些了，简单吧！