android fragment保存数据

不能用 replace 应该是 add

replace()的调用会导致Fragment的onCreteView()被调用，所以切换界面时会无法保存当前的状态。因此一般采用add()、hide()与show()配合，来达到保存Fragment的状态。

1  推荐使用，考虑到回栈因素，效率更好  可以把一个fragment保存到返回栈中

   
   
通过显示隐藏来处理：
            int tabIndex=0,tag=0;
            fragment[] fragments=new fragment[]{A.class,B.class,C.class,D.class};
            Fragment newFragment = fragments[tag];
            FragmentTransaction transaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
            if (!getSupportFragmentManager().getFragments().contains(fragments[tag])) {
                transaction.add(R.id.main_content, newFragment);
            }
            transaction.addToBackStack(null);
            
            transaction.hide(fragments[tabIndex]);
            transaction.show(newFragment);
            transaction.commit();
            tabIndex = tag;

2  相对来说比较复杂，这个更适合保存数据的，意外等适合这个

   
   
FragmentPagerAdapter可以将很多个Fragment保存起来以供取出，并且封装了取出的接口，其实还是通过FragmentTransaction来实现的。

    
    
package com.nmbb.sample.fragmentswitch;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentPagerAdapter;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.CompoundButton;
import android.widget.CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener;
import android.widget.FrameLayout;
import android.widget.RadioButton;
public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity implements
        OnCheckedChangeListener, OnClickListener {
    private RadioButton mTab1;
    private RadioButton mTab2;
    private RadioButton mTab3;
    private RadioButton mTab4;
    private RadioButton mTab5;
    private FrameLayout mContainer;
    public CompoundButton currentButtonView;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        mTab1 = (RadioButton) findViewById(R.id.radio_button0);
        mTab2 = (RadioButton) findViewById(R.id.radio_button1);
        mTab3 = (RadioButton) findViewById(R.id.radio_button2);
        mTab4 = (RadioButton) findViewById(R.id.radio_button3);
        mTab5 = (RadioButton) findViewById(R.id.radio_button4);
        mContainer = (FrameLayout) findViewById(R.id.container);
        mTab1.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);
        mTab2.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);
        mTab3.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);
        mTab4.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);
        mTab5.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);
        mTab1.setOnClickListener(this);
        mTab2.setOnClickListener(this);
        mTab3.setOnClickListener(this);
        mTab4.setOnClickListener(this);
        mTab5.setOnClickListener(this);
        mTab1.performClick();
    }
    @Override
    public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView, boolean isChecked) {
        if (isChecked) {
            Fragment fragment = (Fragment) mFragmentPagerAdapter
                    .instantiateItem(mContainer, buttonView.getId());
            mFragmentPagerAdapter.setPrimaryItem(mContainer, 0, fragment);
            mFragmentPagerAdapter.finishUpdate(mContainer);
        }
    }
    private FragmentPagerAdapter mFragmentPagerAdapter = new FragmentPagerAdapter(
            getSupportFragmentManager()) {
        @Override
        public Fragment getItem(int position) {
            switch (position) {
            case R.id.radio_button1:
                return FragmentTest.instantiation(2);
            case R.id.radio_button2:
                return FragmentTest.instantiation(3);
            case R.id.radio_button3:
                return FragmentTest.instantiation(4);
            case R.id.radio_button4:
                return FragmentTest.instantiation(5);
            case R.id.radio_button0:
            default:
                return FragmentTest.instantiation(1);
            }
        }
        @Override
        public int getCount() {
            return 5;
        }
    };
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    }
}
instantiateItem从FragmentManager中查找Fragment，找不到就getItem新建一个，setPrimaryItem设置隐藏和显示，最后finishUpdate提交事务。
mContainer就是xml中的FrameLayout。

     
     
package com.nmbb.sample.fragmentswitch;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class FragmentTest extends Fragment {
    public static FragmentTest instantiation(int position) {
        FragmentTest fragment = new FragmentTest();
        Bundle args = new Bundle();
        args.putInt("position", position);
        fragment.setArguments(args);
        return fragment;
    }
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
            Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_test, container, false);
    }
    @Override
    public void onViewCreated(View view, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
        TextView text1 = (TextView) view.findViewById(android.R.id.text1);
        text1.setText("Fragment " + getArguments().getInt("position", 1));
    }
                                                                                                                                                                                                               
    @Override
    public void setMenuVisibility(boolean menuVisible) {
        super.setMenuVisibility(menuVisible);
        if (this.getView() != null)
            this.getView().setVisibility(menuVisible ? View.VISIBLE : View.GONE);
    }
}
其中,下面的代码很关键,没有下面的代码会出现切换tab的时候重影现象：
@Override
public void setMenuVisibility(boolean menuVisible) {
    super.setMenuVisibility(menuVisible);
    if (this.getView() != null)
        this.getView().setVisibility(menuVisible ? View.VISIBLE : View.GONE);
}

      
      
问题的出现正是因为使用了Fragment的状态保存，当系统内存不足，Fragment的宿主Activity回收的时候，Fragment的实例并没有随之被回收。Activity被系统回收时，会主动调用onSaveInstance()方法来保存视图层（View Hierarchy），所以当Activity通过导航再次被重建时，之前被实例化过的Fragment依然会出现在Activity中，然而从上述代码中可以明显看出，再次重建了新的Fragment，综上这些因素导致了多个Fragment重叠在一起。
我尝试了很多种方法去解决这个问题，比如：
在onSaveInstance()里面去remove()所有非空的Fragment，然后在onRestoreInstanceState()中去再次按照问题一的方式创建Activity。当我处于打开“不保留活动”的时候，效果非常令人满意，然而当我关闭“不保留活动”的时候，问题却出现了。当转跳到其他Activity、打开多任务窗口、使用Home回到主屏幕再返回时，发现根本没有Fragment了，一篇空白。
于是跟踪下去，我调查了onSaveInstanceState()与onRestoreInstanceState()这两个方法。原本以为只有在系统因为内存回收Activity时才会调用的onSaveInstanceState()，居然在转跳到其他Activity、打开多任务窗口、使用Home回到主屏幕这些操作中也被调用，然而onRestoreInstanceState()并没有在再次回到Activity时被调用。而且我在onResume()发现之前的Fragment只是被移除，并不是空，所以就算你在onResume()中执行问题一中创建的Fragment的方法，同样无济于事。所以通过remove()宣告失败。
接着通过调查资料发现Activity中的onSaveInstanceState()里面有一句super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState)，Google对于这句话的解释是“Always call the superclass so it can save the view hierarchy state”，大概意思是“总是执行这句代码来调用父类去保存视图层的状态”。其实到这里大家也就明白了，就是因为这句话导致了重影的出现，于是我删除了这句话，然后onCreate()与onRestoreInstanceState()中同时使用问题一中的创建Fragment方法，然后再通过保存切换的状态，发现结果非常完美。代码如下：
//记录Fragment的位置
private int position = 0;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
	super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
	setContentView(R.layout.activity_index);
	setTabSelection(position);
}
@Override
protected void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
	position = savedInstanceState.getInt("position");
	setTabSelection(position);
	super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState);
}
@Override
protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
	//记录当前的position
	outState.putInt("position", position);
}

3 最简单的使用

   
   
  /**
     * 切换选中的item
     * Add Show
     *
     * @param mToTab
     */
    private void setCurrentItem(int mToTab) {
        // 隐藏所有Fragment
        FragmentTransaction transaction = manager.beginTransaction();
        hideFragments(transaction);
        switch (mToTab) {
            case TAB_HOME:
                if (null == mHomeFragment) {
                    mHomeFragment = new HomeFragment();
                    transaction.add(R.id.content, mHomeFragment);
                } else {
                    transaction.show(mHomeFragment);
                }
                break;
//            case TAB_ORDER:
//                if (null == mOrderFragment) {
//                    mOrderFragment = new OrderFragment();
//                    transaction.add(R.id.content, mOrderFragment);
//                } else {
//                    transaction.show(mOrderFragment);
//                }
//                break;
//            case TAB_SHOP:
//                if (null == mShoppingFragment) {
//                    mShoppingFragment = new ShoppingFragment();
//                    transaction.add(R.id.content, mShoppingFragment);
//                } else {
//                    transaction.show(mShoppingFragment);
//                }
//                break;
            case TAB_SELF:
                if (null == mPersonalCenterFragment) {
                    mPersonalCenterFragment = new PersonalCenterFragment();
                    transaction.add(R.id.content, mPersonalCenterFragment);
                } else {
                    transaction.show(mPersonalCenterFragment);
                }
                break;
            case -1:
                new RuntimeException();
                break;
        }
        transaction.commitAllowingStateLoss();
    }
    /**
     * 隐藏所有的fragment避免数据错乱或者不见
     *
     * @param transaction
     */
    private void hideFragments(FragmentTransaction transaction) {
        if (null != mHomeFragment) {
            transaction.hide(mHomeFragment);
        }
//        if (null != mOrderFragment) {
//        //    transaction.hide(mOrderFragment);
//        }
//        if (null != mShoppingFragment) {
//         //   transaction.hide(mShoppingFragment);
//        }
        if (null != mPersonalCenterFragment) {
            transaction.hide(mPersonalCenterFragment);
        }
    }