牛客网数据库SQL实战18—— 获取当前薪水第二多的员工的emp_no以及其对应的薪水salary，不准使用order by

牛客网数据库SQL实战18—— 获取当前薪水第二多的员工的emp_no以及其对应的薪水salary，不准使用order by

题目描述

查找当前薪水(to_date=‘9999-01-01’)排名第二多的员工编号emp_no、薪水salary、last_name以及first_name，不准使用order by

CREATE TABLE `employees` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`birth_date` date NOT NULL,
`first_name` varchar(14) NOT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`hire_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`));

CREATE TABLE `salaries` (
`emp_no` int(11) NOT NULL,
`salary` int(11) NOT NULL,
`from_date` date NOT NULL,
`to_date` date NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`,`from_date`));

输入描述:

无

输出描述:

emp_no	salary	last_name	first_name
10009	94409	Peac	Sumant

我的解答

select e.emp_no as emp_no,max(s.salary) as salary,e.last_name as last_name,e.first_name as first_name
from employees e
left join salaries s
on e.emp_no = s.emp_no
where s.to_date='9999-01-01'
and s.salary < (
    select max(s2.salary)
    from employees e2
    left join salaries s2
    on e2.emp_no = s2.emp_no
    where s2.to_date='9999-01-01'
)

此题思路如下：

1. 先利用MAX()函数找出salaries中当前薪水最高者，即SELECT MAX(salary) FROM salaries WHERE to_date = ‘9999-01-01’
2. 再利用INNER JOIN连接employees与salaries表，限定条件为【同一员工】e.emp_no = s.emp_no、【当前】s.to_date = '9999-01-01’与【非薪水最高】s.salary NOT IN (SELECT MAX(salary) FROM salaries WHERE to_date = ‘9999-01-01’)
3. 在以上限制条件下找薪水最高者，即为所有员工薪水的次高者

我觉得最好的答案

解法1 max 任意相同工资人数

select e.emp_no,s.salary,e.last_name,e.first_name
from
employees e
join 
salaries s on e.emp_no=s.emp_no 
and  s.to_date='9999-01-01'
and s.salary = (select max(salary)
                from salaries
                where salary<(select max(salary) 
                              from salaries 
                              where to_date='9999-01-01'
                             )
                        and to_date='9999-01-01'
                )

第二种 通用型可以求任意第几高，并且可以求多个形同工资

select e.emp_no,s.salary,e.last_name,e.first_name
from
employees e
join 
salaries s on e.emp_no=s.emp_no 
and  s.to_date='9999-01-01'
and s.salary = 
(
     select s1.salary
     from 
     salaries s1
     join
     salaries s2 on s1.salary<=s2.salary 
     and s1.to_date='9999-01-01' and s2.to_date='9999-01-01'
     group by s1.salary
     having count(distinct s2.salary)=2
 )