[.NET 基于角色安全性验证] 之二:ASP.NET Forms 身份验证流程分析

MSDN 中提及 FormsAuthenticationModule 在 Forms 身份验证中起到了关键作用,那么这背后究竟隐藏了什么?本分将简要分析 Forms 身份验证流程,以便让大家更加清楚地了解并使用它。 FormsAuthenticationModule 是一个 Http Module,Forms 身份验证通过 FormsAuthenticationModule 参与 ASP.NET 页的生命周期。它在网站应用启动时被初始化,并拦截访问请求,我们继续看看它的细节。
public void Init(HttpApplication app) {   // 绑定 HttpApplication 的两个事件,以此来拦截系统的访问请求。   app.AuthenticateRequest += new EventHandler(this.OnEnter);   app.EndRequest += new EventHandler(this.OnLeave); } private void OnEnter(object source, EventArgs eventArgs) {   if (!FormsAuthenticationModule._fAuthChecked || FormsAuthenticationModule._fAuthRequired)   {     HttpApplication application1 = (HttpApplication)source;     HttpContext context1 = application1.Context;     // 读取 Forms 认证的配置信息     AuthenticationSection section1 = RuntimeConfig.GetAppConfig().Authentication;     section1.ValidateAuthenticationMode();     // 确认 Forms 验证模式     if (!FormsAuthenticationModule._fAuthChecked)     {       FormsAuthenticationModule._fAuthRequired = section1.Mode == AuthenticationMode.Forms;       FormsAuthenticationModule._fAuthChecked = true;     }     if (FormsAuthenticationModule._fAuthRequired)     {       // 设置缺省参数       if (!this._fFormsInit)       {         FormsAuthentication.Initialize();         this._FormsName = section1.Forms.Name;         if (this._FormsName == null)         {           this._FormsName = ".ASPXAUTH";         }         FormsAuthenticationModule.Trace("Forms name is: " + this._FormsName);         this._LoginUrl = section1.Forms.LoginUrl;         if (this._LoginUrl == null)         {           this._LoginUrl = "login.aspx";         }         this._fFormsInit = true;       }       // 调用验证核心方法       this.OnAuthenticate(new FormsAuthenticationEventArgs(context1));       CookielessHelperClass class1 = context1.CookielessHelper;       if (AuthenticationConfig.AccessingLoginPage(context1, this._LoginUrl))       {         context1._skipAuthorization = true;         class1.RedirectWithDetectionIfRequired(null, FormsAuthentication.CookieMode);       }       if (!context1.SkipAuthorization)       {         context1._skipAuthorization = AssemblyResourceLoader.IsValidWebResourceRequest(context1);       }     }   } } private void OnAuthenticate(FormsAuthenticationEventArgs e) {   HttpCookie cookie1 = null;   if (this._eventHandler != null)   {     this._eventHandler(this, e);   }   // 检查 User 对象,以确认是否已通过验证。   if ((e.Context.User != null) || (e.User != null))   {     // 处理 Global.asax FormsAuthentication_OnAuthenticate 事件参数。     if (e.Context.User == null)     {       e.Context._user = e.User;     }   }   else   {     FormsAuthenticationTicket ticket1 = null;     bool flag1 = false;     try     {       // 从 Cookie 中提取验证票证对象       ticket1 = FormsAuthenticationModule.ExtractTicketFromCookie(e.Context, this._FormsName, out flag1);     }     catch     {       ticket1 = null;     }     if ((ticket1 != null) && !ticket1.Expired)     {       FormsAuthenticationTicket ticket2 = ticket1;       // 刷新票证信息       if (FormsAuthentication.SlidingExpiration)       {         ticket2 = FormsAuthentication.RenewTicketIfOld(ticket1);       }       // 创建主体和标识对象       e.Context._user = new GenericPrincipal(new FormsIdentity(ticket2), new string[0]);       if (!flag1 && !ticket2.CookiePath.Equals("/"))       {         cookie1 = e.Context.Request.Cookies[this._FormsName];         if (cookie1 != null)         {           cookie1.Path = ticket2.CookiePath;         }       }       if (ticket2 != ticket1)       {         if ((flag1 && (ticket2.CookiePath != "/")) && (ticket2.CookiePath.Length > 1))         {           ticket2 = new FormsAuthenticationTicket(ticket2.Version, ticket2.Name, ticket2.IssueDate, ticket2.Expiration, ticket2.IsPersistent, ticket2.UserData, "/");         }         // 加密新的票证,并写入 Cookie。         string text1 = FormsAuthentication.Encrypt(ticket2);         if (flag1)         {           e.Context.CookielessHelper.SetCookieValue('F', text1);           e.Context.Response.Redirect(e.Context.Request.PathWithQueryString);         }         else         {           if (cookie1 != null)           {             cookie1 = e.Context.Request.Cookies[this._FormsName];           }           if (cookie1 == null)           {             cookie1 = new HttpCookie(this._FormsName, text1);             cookie1.Path = ticket2.CookiePath;           }           if (ticket2.IsPersistent)           {             cookie1.Expires = ticket2.Expiration;           }           cookie1.Value = text1;           cookie1.Secure = FormsAuthentication.RequireSSL;           cookie1.HttpOnly = true;           if (FormsAuthentication.CookieDomain != null)           {             cookie1.Domain = FormsAuthentication.CookieDomain;           }           e.Context.Response.Cookies.Add(cookie1);         }       }     }   } } private void OnLeave(object source, EventArgs eventArgs) {   // 调整 URL   if (FormsAuthenticationModule._fAuthChecked && FormsAuthenticationModule._fAuthRequired)   {     HttpApplication application1 = (HttpApplication)source;     HttpContext context1 = application1.Context;     if (context1.Response.StatusCode == 0x191)     {       string text3;       string text1 = null;       if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this._LoginUrl))       {         text1 = AuthenticationConfig.GetCompleteLoginUrl(context1, this._LoginUrl);       }       if ((text1 == null) || (text1.Length <= 0))       {         throw new HttpException(SR.GetString("Auth_Invalid_Login_Url"));       }       CookielessHelperClass class1 = context1.CookielessHelper;       string text2 = context1.Request.PathWithQueryString;       if (text1.IndexOf('?') >= 0)       {         text1 = FormsAuthentication.RemoveQueryStringVariableFromUrl(text1, "ReturnUrl");         text3 = text1 + "&ReturnUrl=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(text2, context1.Request.ContentEncoding);       }       else       {         text3 = text1 + "?ReturnUrl=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(text2, context1.Request.ContentEncoding);       }       int num1 = text2.IndexOf('?');       if ((num1 >= 0) && (num1 < (text2.Length - 1)))       {         text2 = FormsAuthentication.RemoveQueryStringVariableFromUrl(text2, "ReturnUrl");       }       num1 = text2.IndexOf('?');       if ((num1 >= 0) && (num1 < (text2.Length - 1)))       {         text3 = text3 + "&" + text2.Substring(num1 + 1);       }       class1.SetCookieValue('F', null);       class1.RedirectWithDetectionIfRequired(text3, FormsAuthentication.CookieMode);       context1.Response.Redirect(text3, false);     }   } }
通过对 FormsAuthenticationModule 代码的分析,我们基本可以确定 ASP.NET Forms 身份验证流程。 1. 拦截系统访问,检查身份验证状态。 2. 如未通过验证,则跳转到指定的 loginUrl 接受用户身份数据验证。 3. 如已通过验证,则从 Cookie 中提取身份验证票证对象。 4. 创建用户标识和主体对象,其中标识对象包含了票证引用。 5. 更新票证过期时间,重新写入 Cookie。 6. 调整URL参数,重定向页面。 在整个验证流程中,我们可以看到几个验证的核心类型。包括: FormsAuthenticationTicket :身份验证票证,保存用户名、过期时间、自定义数据等信息。经 FormsAuthentication.Encrypt 方法加密成字符串后保存到 Cookie 或者 URL 参数中。 GenericPrincipal :用户主体对象。HttpContext.User 就是该类型,用来保存用户身份数据,诸如:FormsIdentity、FormsAuthenticationTicket 等。 FormsIdentity:用户标识对象,可通过 HttpContext.Current.User.Identity 访问。其 Ticket 属性保存了用户身份验证票据引用。 HttpContext:ASP.NET 为每个用户创建的上下文对象,用来保存该用户的相关信息,诸如 Session、GenericPrincipal 等。 FormsAuthentication:ASP.NET Forms 身份验证的核心类之一,其静态属性可访问 Forms Web.config 配置,相关方法用来操作身份验证数据。  
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