linux内核数据结构--List

本文使用的内核版本：4.18

内核List的基本结构为：include/linux/types.h中的list_head结构体

struct list_head {
	struct list_head *next, *prev;
};

内核中关于List的使用无处不在，一个例子：eventpoll.c

/*
 * This structure is stored inside the "private_data" member of the file
 * structure and represents the main data structure for the eventpoll
 * interface.
 */
struct eventpoll {
        /* Protect the access to this structure */
        spinlock_t lock;

        /*
         * This mutex is used to ensure that files are not removed
         * while epoll is using them. This is held during the event
         * collection loop, the file cleanup path, the epoll file exit
         * code and the ctl operations.
         */
        struct mutex mtx;

        /* Wait queue used by sys_epoll_wait() */
        wait_queue_head_t wq;

        /* Wait queue used by file->poll() */
        wait_queue_head_t poll_wait;

        /* List of ready file descriptors */
        struct list_head rdllist;

        /* RB tree root used to store monitored fd structs */
        struct rb_root_cached rbr;

        /*
         * This is a single linked list that chains all the "struct epitem" that
         * happened while transferring ready events to userspace w/out
         * holding ->lock.
         */
        struct epitem *ovflist;

        /* wakeup_source used when ep_scan_ready_list is running */
        struct wakeup_source *ws;

        /* The user that created the eventpoll descriptor */
        struct user_struct *user;

        struct file *file;

        /* used to optimize loop detection check */
        int visited;
        struct list_head visited_list_link;

#ifdef CONFIG_NET_RX_BUSY_POLL
        /* used to track busy poll napi_id */
        unsigned int napi_id;
#endif
};

内核关于List的接口定义在：include/linux/list.h

通常的链表节点会包含数据和前后指针，但是数据千变万化，导致链表节点不通用，而linux内核实现的链表节点克服了这个问题，直接将前后指针独立成一个链表节点，不包含具体数据，其他数据结构在构造链表时直接包含这个链表节点数据结构，从而将数据串起来。

现在来看一下接口定义：

1)  List entry

由于链表头包含在具体的链表节点数据结构中，如何通过链表头获取链表节点呢，内核巧妙的通过container_of 操作偏移实现：

/**
 * list_entry - get the struct for this entry
 * @ptr:        the &struct list_head pointer.
 * @type:       the type of the struct this is embedded in.
 * @member:     the name of the list_head within the struct.
 */
#define list_entry(ptr, type, member) \
        container_of(ptr, type, member)

/**
 * container_of - cast a member of a structure out to the containing structure
 * @ptr:	the pointer to the member.
 * @type:	the type of the container struct this is embedded in.
 * @member:	the name of the member within the struct.
 *
 */
#define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({				\
	void *__mptr = (void *)(ptr);					\
	BUILD_BUG_ON_MSG(!__same_type(*(ptr), ((type *)0)->member) &&	\
			 !__same_type(*(ptr), void),			\
			 "pointer type mismatch in container_of()");	\
	((type *)(__mptr - offsetof(type, member))); })

#define offsetof(TYPE, MEMBER)	((size_t)&((TYPE *)0)->MEMBER)

2）链表初始化

#define LIST_HEAD_INIT(name) { &(name), &(name) }

#define LIST_HEAD(name) \
        struct list_head name = LIST_HEAD_INIT(name)

static inline void INIT_LIST_HEAD(struct list_head *list)
{
        WRITE_ONCE(list->next, list);
        list->prev = list;
}

 LIST_HEAD_INIT和 INIT_LIST_HEAD的作用一样，都是把链表节点的前后指针设置为参数name（当前节点）的地址。

3)  添加节点

/**
 * list_add - add a new entry
 * @new: new entry to be added
 * @head: list head to add it after
 *
 * Insert a new entry after the specified head.
 * This is good for implementing stacks.
 */
static inline void list_add(struct list_head *new, struct list_head *head)
{
        __list_add(new, head, head->next);
}

/*
 * Insert a new entry between two known consecutive entries.
 *
 * This is only for internal list manipulation where we know
 * the prev/next entries already!
 */
static inline void __list_add(struct list_head *new,
                              struct list_head *prev,
                              struct list_head *next)
{
        if (!__list_add_valid(new, prev, next))
                return;

        next->prev = new;
        new->next = next;
        new->prev = prev;
        WRITE_ONCE(prev->next, new);
}

对一个刚初始化的链表头执行添加一个新节点以后：

在此基础之上，在第二个节点以后再增加一个节点：