Python GUI编程(Tkinter)，简单窗口的实现

Python GUI编程(Tkinter)

Tkinter 编程

• Tkinter 是 Python 的标准 GUI 库。Python 使用 Tkinter 可以快速的创建 GUI 应用程序。
• 由于 Tkinter 是内置到 python 的安装包中、只要安装好 Python 之后就能 import Tkinter 库、而且 IDLE 也是用 Tkinter 编写而成、对于简单的图形界面 Tkinter 还是能应付自如。

1、第一个图形界面

from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
root.title("我的第一个python窗口")
root.geometry("240x240")
root.mainloop()

运行结果：

2、文本便签图

from tkinter import *
root = Tk()                           #fg前景色   bg背景色   relief浮雕样式
lb = Label(root,text='这是我的第一个标签',bg = '#d3fbfb',fg='red',font=('华文新魏',14),width=20,height=2,relief=SUNKEN)
lb.pack()
root.mainloop()

3、给文本设置颜色

from tkinter import  *
root = Tk()

lbred = Label(root,text="Red",fg="Red",relief=GROOVE)
lbred.pack()
lbgreen = Label(root,text="绿色",fg="green",relief=GROOVE)
lbgreen.pack()
lbblue = Label(root,text="蓝",fg="blue",relief=GROOVE)
lbblue.pack()
root.mainloop()

4、文本颜色，行，列排列区别

from tkinter import  *
root = Tk()

lbred = Label(root,text="Red",fg="Red",relief=GROOVE)
lbred.grid(column=2,row=0)
lbgreen = Label(root,text="绿色",fg="green",relief=GROOVE)
lbgreen.grid(column=0,row=1)
lbblue = Label(root,text="蓝",fg="blue",relief=GROOVE)
lbblue.grid(column=1,columnspan=2,ipadx=20,row=2)
root.mainloop()

5、界面的内置窗体

from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
root.geometry('320x240')

msg1 = Message(root,text='''我的水平起始位置相对窗体 0.2，垂直起始位置为绝对位置 80 像素，我的高度是窗体高度的0.4，宽度是200像素''',relief=GROOVE)
msg1.place(relx=0.2,y=80,relheight=0.4,width=200)
root.mainloop()

6、获取当前时间

import tkinter
import time

def gettime():
      var.set(time.strftime("%H:%M:%S"))   # 获取当前时间
      root.after(1000,gettime)   # 每隔1s调用函数 gettime 自身获取时间

root = tkinter.Tk()
root.title('时钟')
var=tkinter.StringVar()

lb = tkinter.Label(root,textvariable=var,fg='blue',font=("黑体",80))
lb.pack()
gettime()
root.mainloop()

7、设置一个按钮，点击按钮弹出颜色选择框

from tkinter import *
import tkinter.colorchooser

def xz():
    color=tkinter.colorchooser.askcolor()
    colorstr=str(color)
    print('打印字符串%s 切掉后=%s' % (colorstr,colorstr[-9:-2]))
    lb.config(text=colorstr[-9:-2],background=colorstr[-9:-2])

root = Tk()

lb = Label(root,text='请关注颜色的变化')
lb.pack()
btn=Button(root,text='弹出颜色选择对话框',command=xz)
btn.pack()
root.mainloop()

8、按钮设置

from tkinter import *
class MainWindow:
    def __init__(self):
        self.frame = Tk()
                      #设置标签名字
        self.label_name = Label(self.frame,text = "name:")
        self.label_age = Label(self.frame,text = "age:")
        self.label_sex = Label(self.frame,text = "sex:")
                     #设置标签格式，长宽
        self.text_name = Text(self.frame,height = "1",width = 30)
        self.text_age = Text(self.frame,height = "1",width = 30)
        self.text_sex = Text(self.frame,height = "1",width = 30)
                    #设置标签整个摆放位置
        self.label_name.grid(row = 0,column = 0)
        self.label_age.grid(row = 1,column = 0)
        self.label_sex.grid(row = 2,column = 0)
                    #设置按钮
        self.button_ok = Button(self.frame,text = "ok",width = 10)
        self.button_cancel = Button(self.frame,text = "cancel",width = 10)
                    #设置可输入的文本位置                  
        self.text_name.grid(row = 0,column = 1)
        self.text_age.grid(row = 1,column = 1)
        self.text_sex.grid(row = 2,column = 1)
                   #按钮在整个布局的位置    
        self.button_ok.grid(row = 3,column = 0)
        self.button_cancel.grid(row = 3,column = 1)

        self.frame.mainloop()

frame = MainWindow()   

9、编辑框

from tkinter import *
class MainWindow:
    def __init__(self):
        self.frame = Tk()
                      #设置标签名字
        self.label_name = Label(self.frame,text = "name:")
        self.label_age = Label(self.frame,text = "age:")
        self.label_sex = Label(self.frame,text = "sex:")
                     #设置标签格式，长宽
        self.text_name = Text(self.frame,height = "1",width = 30)
        self.text_age = Text(self.frame,height = "1",width = 30)
        self.text_sex = Text(self.frame,height = "1",width = 30)
                    #设置标签整个摆放位置
        self.label_name.grid(row = 0,column = 0)
        self.label_age.grid(row = 1,column = 0)
        self.label_sex.grid(row = 2,column = 0)
                    #设置按钮
        self.button_ok = Button(self.frame,text = "ok",width = 10)
        self.button_cancel = Button(self.frame,text = "cancel",width = 10)
                    #设置可输入的文本位置                  
        self.text_name.grid(row = 0,column = 1)
        self.text_age.grid(row = 1,column = 1)
        self.text_sex.grid(row = 2,column = 1)
                   #按钮在整个布局的位置    
        self.button_ok.grid(row = 3,column = 0)
        self.button_cancel.grid(row = 3,column = 1)

        self.frame.mainloop()

frame = MainWindow()