编译安装Mariadb

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编译安装Mariadb，并启动后可以正常登录

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环境
操作系统版本：centos7.7.1908
Mariadb版本：10.2.25

步骤

1. 安装基础环境

# yum install bison bison-devel zlib-devel libcurl-devel libarchive-devel boost-devel gcc gcc-c++ cmake ncurses-devel gnutls-devel libxml2-devel openssl-devel libevent-devel libaio-devel

2. 创建用户和数据保存目录

# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -d /data/mysql mysql
# mkdir /data/mysql
# chown mysql.mysql /data/mysql

3. 解压安装包并编译安装

# cd /usr/local/src
# tar xvf mariadb-10.2.25.tar.gz
# cd mariadb-10.2.25

# cmake . \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/ \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc/ \
-DMYSQL_USER=mysql \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITHOUT_MROONGA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_DEBUG=0 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_SSL=system \
-DWITH_ZLIB=system \
-DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci

粘贴复制的时候注意反斜线“\”后面不能有空格

# make && make install

4. 添加环境变量

# echo "PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile
# source /etc/profile

5. 生成数据库文件

# cd /usr/local/mysql
# scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/mysql/ --user=mysql

Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/data/mysql/' ...
OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system


PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MariaDB root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

'./bin/mysqladmin' -u root password 'new-password'
'./bin/mysqladmin' -u root -h centos7.localdomain password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:
'./bin/mysql_secure_installation'

which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
strongly recommended for production servers.

See the MariaDB Knowledgebase at http://mariadb.com/kb or the
MySQL manual for more instructions.

You can start the MariaDB daemon with:
cd '.' ; ./bin/mysqld_safe --datadir='/data/mysql/'

You can test the MariaDB daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd './mysql-test' ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems at http://mariadb.org/jira

The latest information about MariaDB is available at http://mariadb.org/.
You can find additional information about the MySQL part at:
http://dev.mysql.com
Consider joining MariaDB's strong and vibrant community:
https://mariadb.org/get-involved/

6. 准备配置文件

# cp -p support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf

1. 准备启动脚本

# cp -p support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

7. 启动mariadb

# service mysqld start
Reloading systemd:                                         [  OK  ]
Starting mysqld (via systemctl):                           [  OK  ]

#设置开机自启
# chkconfig --add mysqld

8. 更改数据库root账户密码

# ./bin/mysqladmin -u root password '123456'
# ./bin/mysqladmin -u root -h centos7.localdomain password '123456'

9. 安全初始化

./bin/mysql_secure_installation

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none):   #输入root密码
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.

You already have a root password set, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Change the root password? [Y/n] n   #是否更改root密码

 ... skipping.

By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y   #是否移除匿名用户
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n  #是否允许root用户远程登录
 ... skipping.

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y  #是否移除test数据库
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y  #重新加载权限
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

10. 登录数据库

# mysql -uroot -p 
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 17
Server version: 10.2.25-MariaDB-log Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]>