PostgreSQL新建用户登录报错：FATAL: Peer authentication failed for user “test“

背景：PostgreSQL 新建数据库用户后切换用户报错、重新指定新用户登录也报错，但postgres用户登录没有问题。

postgres用户登录数据库
# su - postgres
-bash-4.2$ psql  -U postgres -d postgres

创建数据库用户test & 创建数据库testdb01 & 授权
postgres=# CREATE USER test WITH PASSWORD '1q2w3e';
postgres=# CREATE DATABASE testdb01 OWNER test;
postgres=# GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE testdb01 TO test;

切换用户到test时报错：
postgres=# \c - test
FATAL:  Peer authentication failed for user "test"
Previous connection kept

postgres=# \c testdb01
You are now connected to database "testdb01" as user "postgres".

testdb01=# \c - test
FATAL:  Peer authentication failed for user "test"
Previous connection kept

testdb01=# \q
-bash-4.2$ psql  -U test -d testdb01
psql: error: FATAL:  Peer authentication failed for user "test"

但是以postgres用户可以正常登录：

-bash-4.2$ psql  -U postgres -d testdb01    
psql (12.9)
Type "help" for help.
testdb01=# 

报错的原因：
psql的连接建立于Unix Socket上默认使用peer authentication，所以必须要用和数据库用户相同的系统用户进行登录。

解决方法：
将peer authentiction 改为 md5，并给数据库设置密码。修改配置文件/var/lib/pgsql/12/data/pg_hba.conf，将
local   all             all             peer

两行配置的peer改成md5，修改后的内容如下：
local   all             all             md5

生效配置：
service postgresql-12 reload

再次尝试以新用户登录成功：

-bash-4.2$ psql  -U test -d testdb01                
Password for user test: 
psql (12.9)
Type "help" for help.

testdb01=>

testdb01=> \c - postgres
Password for user postgres: 
You are now connected to database "testdb01" as user "postgres".
testdb01=# 
testdb01=# \c - test
Password for user test: 
You are now connected to database "testdb01" as user "test".
testdb01=>