Oracle同一个IP端口监听多个数据库实例

Oracle 11g配置数据库同一个IP和端口来监听多个数据库实例，我需要监听orcl和orcl002两个数据库实例，参考过程如下。

$ find $ORACLE_HOME -name listener.ora
/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/samples/listener.ora
/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
$ vim $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora

1，修改监听器配置，增加监听的SID_LIST，如果有多个SID，就需要再SID_LIST中指定多个SID_DESC。默认配置中无SID_LIST，手动添加下面蓝色部分内容：
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER =  #命名规则为SID_LIST_+上面定义的监听器名称。该段用于定义监听器的服务即为哪些数据库实例提供监听服务
  (SID_LIST =
     (SID_DESC =
       (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl002)  #数据库名
       (SID_NAME = orcl002)  #数据库实例名
     )
     (SID_DESC =
       (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
       (SID_NAME = orcl)
     )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /opt/oracle

2，修改tnsnames.ora文件，添加SID：
$ find $ORACLE_HOME/ -name tnsnames.ora
/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/samples/tnsnames.ora
/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
$ vim $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

修改文件内容如下，添加SID：
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

ORCL002 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl002)
    )
  )

ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

注意：
1）要确保在监听文件listener.ora中也有对应的一个ADDRESS项也包含同样的三个子参数并且子参数的值对应都相等
2）这里SERVICE_NAME的值必需确保与监听文件listener.ora中某SID_DESC项下的SID_NAME参数的值相等

[oracle@localhost 11.2.0]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 09-JUL-2019 21:02:08

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                09-JUL-2019 21:01:56
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 11 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl002" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl002", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@localhost 11.2.0]$ 

启动后，提示Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
这个错误可能是由于实例没有注册到监听服务中去，尝试注册实例：alter system register;

SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> 
SQL> alter system register;
System altered.
SQL> 

再尝试启动监听，发现让然失败，最后发现原来是自己的数据库实例没有启动。

启动两个数据库实例：
$ sqlplus /nolog
$ conn /as sysdba
$ startup

$ lsnrctl status
......
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 2 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl002" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl002", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
$ 

发现orcl已经READY了，再启动另外一个orcl002：

$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl002
$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL>  conn / as sysdba
SQL> startup
SQL> exit

然后再查看状态，发现orcl002也已经READY了

$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 09-JUL-2019 21:35:56

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                09-JUL-2019 21:27:55
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 8 min. 1 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 2 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl002" has 2 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl002", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
  Instance "orcl002", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl002XDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl002", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
$ 

尝试客户端连接2个数据库实例，连接成功。