- 函数 input() 的工作原理
函数input() 让程序暂停运行,等待用户输入一些文本。获取用户输入后,Python将其存储在一个变量中,以方便你使用。
函数input() 接收一个参数,即要向用户显示的提示或说明,让用户如何操作。
1、编写清晰的程序
name = input("please enter you name: ")
print("Hello," + name + "!")
2、使用int() 来获取数值输入
height = input("How tall are you ,in inchaes ? ")
height = int(height)
if height >= 36:
print("\n You're tall enough to ride! ")
else:
print("\n You'll be able to ride when you're a litter older.")
3、求模运算符
求模运算符 (%)是一个很有用的工具,它将两个数相除并返回余数:
number = input("Enter a number, and I'll tell you if it's even or odd: ")
number = int(number)
if number % 2 ==0:
print("\nThe number " + str(number) + " is even.")
else:
print("\nThe number " + str(number) + " is odd.")
- while 循环简介
for 循环用于针对集合中的每个元素都一个代码块,而while 循环不断地运行,直到指定的条件不满足为止。
1、使用while循环
current_number = 1
while current_number <=5:
print(current_number)
current_number +=1
2、让用户选择何时退出
prompt = "\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:"
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program. "
message = ""
while message != 'quit':
message = input(prompt)
print(message)
3、使用标志
定义一个变量,用于判断整个程序是否处于活动状态。这个变量被称为标志。
prompt = "\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:"
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program. "
message = ""
while message != 'quit':
message = input(prompt)
if message == 'quit':
active = False
else:
print(message)
4、使用break 退出循环
prompt = "\nPlease enter the name of a city you have visited:"
prompt += "\n(Enter 'quit' when you are finished.) "
while True:
city = input(prompt)
if city == 'quit':
break
else:
print("I'd love to go to" + city.title() + "!")
5、在循环中使用continue
current_number = 0
while current_number <=5:
current_number +=1
if current_number % 2 ==0:
continue
print(current_number)
6、避免无限循环
-
使用while 循环来处理列表和字典
1、在列表中移动元素
# 首先,创建一个待验证用户列表
# 和一个用于存储已验证用户的空列表
unconfirmed_users = ['alice', 'brian', 'candace']
confirmed_users = []
# 验证每个用户,直到没有未验证用户为止
# 将每个经过验证的列表都移到已验证用户列表中
while unconfirmed_users:
current_user = unconfirmed_users.pop()
print("Verifying user: " + current_user.title())
confirmed_users.append(current_user)
# 显示所有已验证的用户
print("\nThe following users have been confirmed:")
for confirmed_user in confirmed_users:
print(confirmed_user.title())
2、删除包含特定值的所有列表元素
pets = ['dog', 'cat', 'dog', 'goldfish', 'cat', 'rabbit', 'cat']
print(pets)
while 'cat' in pets:
pets.remove('cat')
print(pets)
3、使用用户输入来填充字典
responses = {}
# 设置一个标志,指出调查是否继续
polling_active = True
while polling_active:
# 提示输入被调查者的名字和回答
name = input("\nWhat is your name? ")
response = input("Which mountain would you like to climb someday? ")
# 将答卷存储在字典中
responses[name] = response
# 看看是否还有人要参与调查
repeat = input("Would you like to let another person respond? (yes/ no) ")
if repeat == 'no':
polling_active = False
# 调查结束,显示结果
print("\n--- Poll Results ---")
for name, response in responses.items():
print(name + " would like to climb " + response + ".")