生成和解析xml

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-08 09:48:14 发布

sunnybuer

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-08 09:48:14 发布

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分类专栏： xml 文章标签： string exception attributes xml import encoding

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生成和解析xml有多种方式，我这里就介绍两种常用的方式。

DOM方式比SAX的效率高，但是DOM使用的内存较大，所以当文件很大的时候，我们还是使用SAX方式。

DOM方式

DOM方式创建，我们通过一个例子来讲解。

转自： http://www.mkyong.com/java/how-to-create-xml-file-in-java-dom/

下面的xml文件是我们要创建的。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no" ?> 
<company>
	<staff id="1">
		<firstname>yong</firstname>
		<lastname>mook kim</lastname>
		<nickname>mkyong</nickname>
		<salary>100000</salary>
	</staff>
</company>

下面的代码可以帮助我们创建上面的xml

package com.mkyong.core;
 
import java.io.File;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
 
import org.w3c.dom.Attr;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
 
public class WriteXMLFile {
 
	public static void main(String argv[]) {
 
	  try {
 
		DocumentBuilderFactory docFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
		DocumentBuilder docBuilder = docFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
 
		// root elements
		Document doc = docBuilder.newDocument();
		Element rootElement = doc.createElement("company");
		doc.appendChild(rootElement);
 
		// staff elements
		Element staff = doc.createElement("Staff");
		rootElement.appendChild(staff);
 
		// set attribute to staff element
		Attr attr = doc.createAttribute("id");
		attr.setValue("1");
		staff.setAttributeNode(attr);
 
		// shorten way
		// staff.setAttribute("id", "1");
 
		// firstname elements
		Element firstname = doc.createElement("firstname");
		firstname.appendChild(doc.createTextNode("yong"));
		staff.appendChild(firstname);
 
		// lastname elements
		Element lastname = doc.createElement("lastname");
		lastname.appendChild(doc.createTextNode("mook kim"));
		staff.appendChild(lastname);
 
		// nickname elements
		Element nickname = doc.createElement("nickname");
		nickname.appendChild(doc.createTextNode("mkyong"));
		staff.appendChild(nickname);
 
		// salary elements
		Element salary = doc.createElement("salary");
		salary.appendChild(doc.createTextNode("100000"));
		staff.appendChild(salary);
 
		// write the content into xml file
		TransformerFactory transformerFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
		Transformer transformer = transformerFactory.newTransformer();
		DOMSource source = new DOMSource(doc);
		StreamResult result = new StreamResult(new File("C:\\file.xml"));
 
		// Output to console for testing
		// StreamResult result = new StreamResult(System.out);
 
		transformer.transform(source, result);
 
		System.out.println("File saved!");
 
	  } catch (ParserConfigurationException pce) {
		pce.printStackTrace();
	  } catch (TransformerException tfe) {
		tfe.printStackTrace();
	  }
	}
}

DOM方式解析，我们也通过一个例子讲解。

转自： http://www.mkyong.com/java/how-to-read-xml-file-in-java-dom-parser/

下面的xml文件是我们要解析的

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<company>
	<staff>
		<firstname>yong</firstname>
		<lastname>mook kim</lastname>
		<nickname>mkyong</nickname>
		<salary>100000</salary>
	</staff>
	<staff>
		<firstname>low</firstname>
		<lastname>yin fong</lastname>
		<nickname>fong fong</nickname>
		<salary>200000</salary>
	</staff>
</company>

我们可以使用下面的代码解析上面的xml

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import java.io.File;
 
public class ReadXMLFile {
 
	public static void main(String argv[]) {
 
	  try {
 
		File fXmlFile = new File("c:\\file.xml");
		DocumentBuilderFactory dbFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
		DocumentBuilder dBuilder = dbFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
		Document doc = dBuilder.parse(fXmlFile);
		doc.getDocumentElement().normalize();
 
		System.out.println("Root element :" + doc.getDocumentElement().getNodeName());
		NodeList nList = doc.getElementsByTagName("staff");
		System.out.println("-----------------------");
 
		for (int temp = 0; temp < nList.getLength(); temp++) {
 
		   Node nNode = nList.item(temp);
		   if (nNode.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
 
		      Element eElement = (Element) nNode;
 
		      System.out.println("First Name : " + getTagValue("firstname", eElement));
		      System.out.println("Last Name : " + getTagValue("lastname", eElement));
	              System.out.println("Nick Name : " + getTagValue("nickname", eElement));
		      System.out.println("Salary : " + getTagValue("salary", eElement));
 
		   }
		}
	  } catch (Exception e) {
		e.printStackTrace();
	  }
  }
 
  private static String getTagValue(String sTag, Element eElement) {
	NodeList nlList = eElement.getElementsByTagName(sTag).item(0).getChildNodes();
 
        Node nValue = (Node) nlList.item(0);
 
	return nValue.getNodeValue();
  }
 
}

这个是我们解析的结果

Root element :company
-----------------------
First Name : yong
Last Name : mook kim
Nick Name : mkyong
Salary : 100000
First Name : low
Last Name : yin fong
Nick Name : fong fong
Salary : 200000

SAX方式

SAX方式创建xml，下面我们通过一个例子来讲解，

下面的文件是我们通过sax创建的，

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<company>
	<staff  id="1">
		<firstname>yong</firstname>
		<lastname>mook kim</lastname>
		<nickname>mkyong</nickname>
		<salary>100000</salary>
	</staff>
</company>

下面的代码我们可以用来创建上面的xml，

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.StringWriter;

import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;
import javax.xml.transform.Result;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.sax.SAXTransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.sax.TransformerHandler;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;

import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.AttributesImpl;

public class Test {
	public String createXMLFile() {
		String xmlStr = null;
		try {
			String str = null;
			Result resultXml = new StreamResult(new FileOutputStream(
					"D:/file.xml"));
			StringWriter writerStr = new StringWriter();
			SAXTransformerFactory sff = (SAXTransformerFactory) SAXTransformerFactory
					.newInstance();
			TransformerHandler th = sff.newTransformerHandler();
			Transformer transformer = th.getTransformer();
			transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");
			transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "UTF-8");
			th.setResult(resultXml);
			th.startDocument();
			AttributesImpl attr = new AttributesImpl();
			th.startElement("", "", "company", attr);
			
			attr = new AttributesImpl();
			attr.addAttribute("", "", "id", "int", "1");
			th.startElement("", "", "staff ", attr);
			
			attr = new AttributesImpl();
			th.startElement("", "", "firstname", attr);
			str = "yong";
			th.characters(str.toCharArray() , 0, str.length());
			th.endElement("", "", "firstname");
			
			attr = new AttributesImpl();
			th.startElement("", "", "lastname", attr);
			str = "mook kim";
			th.characters(str.toCharArray() , 0, str.length());
			th.endElement("", "", "lastname");
			
			attr = new AttributesImpl();
			th.startElement("", "", "nickname", attr);
			str = "mkyong";
			th.characters(str.toCharArray() , 0, str.length());
			th.endElement("", "", "nickname");
			
			attr = new AttributesImpl();
			th.startElement("", "", "salary", attr);
			str = "100000";
			th.characters(str.toCharArray() , 0, str.length());
			th.endElement("", "", "salary");
			
			th.endElement("", "", "staff");
			th.endElement("", "", "company");
			
			th.endDocument();
			xmlStr = writerStr.getBuffer().toString();
		} catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (SAXException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return xmlStr;
	}
}

SAX方式解析xml，我们也通过一个例子讲解。

转自： http://www.mkyong.com/java/how-to-read-xml-file-in-java-sax-parser/

下面的文件是我们要解析的xml文件，

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<company>
	<staff>
		<firstname>yong</firstname>
		<lastname>mook kim</lastname>
		<nickname>mkyong</nickname>
		<salary>100000</salary>
	</staff>
	<staff>
		<firstname>low</firstname>
		<lastname>yin fong</lastname>
		<nickname>fong fong</nickname>
		<salary>200000</salary>
	</staff>
</company>

下面的代码能解析上面的xml

import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
 
public class ReadXMLFile {
 
   public static void main(String argv[]) {
 
    try {
 
	SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
	SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser();
 
	DefaultHandler handler = new DefaultHandler() {
 
	boolean bfname = false;
	boolean blname = false;
	boolean bnname = false;
	boolean bsalary = false;
 
	public void startElement(String uri, String localName,String qName, 
                Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
 
		System.out.println("Start Element :" + qName);
 
		if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("FIRSTNAME")) {
			bfname = true;
		}
 
		if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("LASTNAME")) {
			blname = true;
		}
 
		if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("NICKNAME")) {
			bnname = true;
		}
 
		if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("SALARY")) {
			bsalary = true;
		}
 
	}
 
	public void endElement(String uri, String localName,
		String qName) throws SAXException {
 
		System.out.println("End Element :" + qName);
 
	}
 
	public void characters(char ch[], int start, int length) throws SAXException {
 
		if (bfname) {
			System.out.println("First Name : " + new String(ch, start, length));
			bfname = false;
		}
 
		if (blname) {
			System.out.println("Last Name : " + new String(ch, start, length));
			blname = false;
		}
 
		if (bnname) {
			System.out.println("Nick Name : " + new String(ch, start, length));
			bnname = false;
		}
 
		if (bsalary) {
			System.out.println("Salary : " + new String(ch, start, length));
			bsalary = false;
		}
 
	}
 
     };
 
       saxParser.parse("c:\\file.xml", handler);
 
     } catch (Exception e) {
       e.printStackTrace();
     }
 
   }
 
}

下面的代码解析的结果，

Start Element :company
Start Element :staff
Start Element :firstname
First Name : yong
End Element :firstname
Start Element :lastname
Last Name : mook kim
End Element :lastname
Start Element :nickname
Nick Name : mkyong
End Element :nickname
Start Element :salary
Salary : 100000
End Element :salary
End Element :staff
Start Element :staff
Start Element :firstname
First Name : low
End Element :firstname
Start Element :lastname
Last Name : yin fong
End Element :lastname
Start Element :nickname
Nick Name : fong fong
End Element :nickname
Start Element :salary
Salary : 200000
End Element :salary
End Element :staff
End Element :company

上面的两种方法解析和生成xml，希望对大家有用。