1, 基础培训----Datasort

BIOS 基础培训：

自己刚入职时接受的BIOS一些培训回忆出来和大家分享

1，  DATASORT

要求：

（1）      用汇编写一个序档为 DATASORT.asm 的程序。

（2）      把 Address Range FFFF0000---FFFFFFFh 64KB 的资料存到名字为DATAORG.DAT的档案。

（3）      该64KB的资料以DWORD 的单位由小到大排序

（4）      书面以Hex show 出该资料排序前与排序后的DWORD checksum值

（5）      将排序的结果存到名字为DATASORT.DAT 档案。

 

现在来分析这个题目，主要要注意以下几点，要进去 Big real mode, 怎么建立文件，怎么将数据存入文件，怎样排序，以及排序的算法：

 

创建文件：

push                   cx

   mov     dx, offset sun

         mov          ah,3Ch

         mov          cx,0                            

         int             21h

         pop           cx

写文件：

         mov     bx,ax

   mov     cx,10000h/2

   mov     ax,cs:BuffSeg

   mov     dx,offset IOBuffer

   mov     ds,ax

         mov          ah,40h

         int             21h

 

排序用冒泡排序法，大家大学的时候应该都学过这个吧，就不详细说了。

编译器用MASM.exe link.exe ml.exe

.586p

Option      SEGMENT:USE16

 

         INCLUDEX86.INC

 

_DATA      SEGMENTPUBLIC 'DATA'

 

GDT_Begin       MyGDT

        

         GdtEntrysBigReal,  00000000h, 000000h, 93h      ;4GB Base 0

GDT_End

 

ControlFlags    DW  0

 A20_DISABLED    EQU 0001h

 

errNotRealMode     DB    'Please run thisprogram in real-mode DOS !!',13,10,0

msgBootBlock DB    13,10, 'Before Sort BootBlock Checksum: ', 0

amsgBootBlock   db     13,10, 'After  Sort Boot BlockChecksum:',0

msg             db      13,10, 'Please Wait ,the programme isruuning',0

msgToQuit        DB    13,10,10, 'Press <Enter> to Quit...',0

 

sun             db       'c:/dataorg.dat',0

hui             db       'c:/datasort.dat',0

 

_DATA      ENDS

;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

_TEXT       SEGMENTPUBLIC 'CODE'

         ASSUMECS:_TEXT, DS:_DATA

 

         EXTERN    BIOS_Get_KBD                  :NEAR               ;BIOSTTY.ASM

         EXTERN    BIOS_Display_Char : NEAR

         EXTERN    BIOS_Display_String        : NEAR

 

DataSeg DW    SEG_DATA

BuffSeg DW      SEG_BUFF

 

start:

         mov ax, 0ABCDh

         int    12h                              ;ForDebug Break purpose

 

         cld

      

         mov ds, cs:[DataSeg]

         smsw        ax

         test  al, 01h                       ;IsCPU in Protected Mode?

         jz      short IsRealMode             ;No, it is in Real Mode.

         mov si, offset errNotRealMode

ErrorExit:

         call   BIOS_Display_String

         mov ax, 4CFFh

         int    21h                              ;Terminatewith error

 

IsRealMode:

 

   ;Prepare GDT Table for setting Big-Real mode

         movzx       eax, DataSeg

         shl    eax, 4

         add  eax, offset MyGDT           ;EAX=Physical addr of MyGDT

         or     dword ptr MyGDT+2, eax                  ;Update Base of GDTbl

         lgdt  fword ptr MyGDT

 

   ;Switch CPU to protected mode and set ES to 4GB limit (Base=0)

         pushf

         cli

         mov eax, cr0

         push          eax

         or     al, 01h

         mov cr0, eax                      ;SetCPU to protected mode

         jmp  short $+2

         mov dx, sBigReal

         mov es, dx                                    ;Load4GB limit selector to ES

         pop  eax

         mov cr0, eax                      ;Backto real mode

         jmp  short $+2

         xor   ax, ax

         mov es, ax                                    ;ES= Base 0, 4GB limit

         popf

 

         call   CheckEnableA20Gate

 

       mov    si, offset msg

       call   BIOS_Display_String  

    ;Move 64KB Data from Boot Block (0FFFF0000h) to Buffer.

         movzx       edi, cs:BuffSeg

         shl    edi, 4                                    ;EDI=physicaladdr of buffer

         mov esi, 0FFFF0000h

         mov ecx, 10000h/4                    ;ECX=64KBytes=16K Dwords

         rep   movsd [edi], es:[esi]

;---------------------------------------------------------------creatdataorg.dat file

 

         push          cx

       mov     dx, offset sun

         mov ah, 3Ch

         mov cx, 0                            

         int    21h

         pop  cx

        

  

 

;----------------------------------------------------------------writeto dataorg.dat file

         push          ds

       

       mov     bx,ax

       mov     cx,10000h/2

       mov     ax,cs:BuffSeg

       mov     dx,offset IOBuffer

       mov     ds,ax

         mov ah, 40h

         int    21h

         pop  ds

         push          ds

       mov     cx,10000h/2

       mov     ax,cs:BuffSeg

       mov     dx,10000h/2

       mov     ds,ax

         mov ah, 40h

         int    21h

         pop  ds

 

 

;Caculate DWORD checksum of 64KB BootBlock.  Result in EDX.

         push          fs

         mov fs, cs:BuffSeg

         xor   si, si                             ;FS:SI=ptrto Buffer

         xor   edx, edx

         mov cx, 10000h/4                      ;CX=16KDWORDs

  @@:

         lodsd         fs:[si]                         ;load the address ofds:e[si] to eax

        add  edx,eax

         loop @b

         pop  fs

 

   ;EDX = DWORD checksum of [FFFF0000~FFFFFFFFh]. (Boot Block)

        

         push          edx

        

        

 

     

;---------------------------------------------------------------creatdatasort.dat file

        

        

       call    bubble

         push          cx

       mov     dx, offset hui

         mov ah, 3Ch

         mov cx, 0                            

         int    21h

         pop  cx

      

  

 

;----------------------------------------------------------------writeto datasort.dat file

       push          ds

            

       mov     bx,ax

       mov     cx,10000h/2

       mov     ax,cs:BuffSeg

       mov     dx,0000h

       mov     ds,ax

         mov ah, 40h

         int    21h

         mov     cx,10000h/2

       mov     ax,cs:BuffSeg

       mov     dx,10000h/2

       mov     ds,ax

         mov ah, 40h

         int    21h

         pop  ds

 

;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

 

 

   

 

   ;Caculate DWORD checksum of 64KB Boot Block.  Result in EDX.

         push          fs

         mov fs, cs:BuffSeg

         xor   si, si                             ;FS:SI=ptrto Buffer

         xor   edx, edx

         mov cx, 10000h/4                      ;CX=16KDWORDs

  @@:

         lodsd         fs:[si]                         ;load the address ofds:e[si] to eax

        add  edx,eax

         loop @b

         pop  fs

 

   ;EDX = DWORD checksum of [FFFF0000~FFFFFFFFh]. (Boot Block)

        

         push          edx

        

         call   RestoreA20Gate

 

  

  

 ;Show the checksum result by Hex.

  

       mov    si, offset amsgBootBlock

       call   BIOS_Display_String  

         pop    eax          

       push   ax

       call   ShowAXHex

       pop    ax

       call   ShowAXHex

       mov    si, offset msgBootBlock

       call   BIOS_Display_String

        pop   eax          

       push   ax

       call   ShowAXHex

       pop    ax

       call   ShowAXHex

       mov    si, offset msgToQuit

       call   BIOS_Display_String             

  @@:

       call   BIOS_Get_KBD

       cmp    al, 0Dh                         ;Is <Enter> Key?

       jnz    short @b                        ;Wait until<Enter> pressed

 

       

         mov ax, 4C00h                            ;ProgramTerminate

         int    21h                              ;returnto DOS