最近在用POI做Excel导入,用了公司的共通,本以为应该很顺利,但是在实际使用过程中遇到了不少为题。这里做一下总结。
一.大文件导入
POI在导入数据的数据量很大的时候会有问题,Excel压根就读不进来。
网站上查了一下,需要将Excel转换成CSV后导入。
将导入方法稍作修改后的代码如下:
/* ImportExcel ei = new ImportExcel(file, 0, 0);
List<FpPkhImport> list = ei.getDataList(FpPkhImport.class);
// 如果数据文件格式有问题,比如说第一行字段定义,共有多少字段,每个字段的名称是否和预定的一致,则弹出提示框说明数据源文件格式不正确
HashMap<Integer, String> headerList = getExcelHeader();
for (int i=0;i<27;i++){
if (!headerList.get(i).toString().equals(ei.getRow(0).getCell(i).toString())){
failureMsg.append("<br/>第" + (i+1) + "列标题错误,正确:" + headerList.get(i).toString() + ", Excel中:" + ei.getRow(0).getCell(i).toString());
}
}
if (!StringUtils.isBlank(failureMsg)){
failureMsg.insert(0, "数据源文件格式错误:");
restfulResult.setResult("Error");
restfulResult.setMessage(failureMsg.toString());
AjaxExchange.printDataJason(response, restfulResult);
return;
}*/
// 读取XLSX
List<String[]> excelList = XLSXCovertCSVReader.readerExcel(request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/") + savePath, "Sheet1", 27);
// 检查标题
HashMap<Integer, String> headerList = getExcelHeader();
for (int i=0;i<27;i++){
if (!headerList.get(i).toString().equals(excelList.get(0)[i])){
failureMsg.append("<br/>第" + (i+1) + "列标题错误,正确:" + headerList.get(i).toString() + ", Excel中:" + excelList.get(0)[i]);
}
}
// 获取数据
List<FpPkhImport> list = new ArrayList<FpPkhImport>();
for(int i=1;i<excelList.size();i++){
FpPkhImport pkhImport = new FpPkhImport();
pkhImport.setListNo(excelList.get(i)[0].replace("\"", ""));
pkhImport.setCity(excelList.get(i)[1].replace("\"", ""));
...
pkhImport.setPhone(excelList.get(i)[26].replace("\"", ""));
list.add(pkhImport);
}
XLSXCovertCSVReader:
/**
* Copyright © 2012-2016 <a href="https://github.com/thinkgem/jeesite">JeeSite</a> All rights reserved.
*/
package com.thinkgem.jeesite.common.utils.excel;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFDateUtil;
import org.apache.poi.openxml4j.exceptions.OpenXML4JException;
import org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.OPCPackage;
import org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.PackageAccess;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.BuiltinFormats;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.DataFormatter;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.eventusermodel.ReadOnlySharedStringsTable;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.eventusermodel.XSSFReader;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.model.StylesTable;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFCellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFRichTextString;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.XMLReader;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
/**
* 用户工具类
* @author Sun
* @version 2017-12-15
*/
public class XLSXCovertCSVReader {
/**
* The type of the data value is indicated by an attribute on the cell. The
* value is usually in a "v" element within the cell.
*/
enum xssfDataType {
BOOL, ERROR, FORMULA, INLINESTR, SSTINDEX, NUMBER,
}
/**
* 使用xssf_sax_API处理Excel,请参考: http://poi.apache.org/spreadsheet/how-to.html#xssf_sax_api
* <p/>
* Also see Standard ECMA-376, 1st edition, part 4, pages 1928ff, at
* http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-376.htm
* <p/>
* A web-friendly version is http://openiso.org/Ecma/376/Part4
*/
class MyXSSFSheetHandler extends DefaultHandler {
/**
* Table with styles
*/
private StylesTable stylesTable;
/**
* Table with unique strings
*/
private ReadOnlySharedStringsTable sharedStringsTable;
/**
* Destination for data
*/
private final PrintStream output;
/**
* Number of columns to read starting with leftmost
*/
private final int minColumnCount;
// Set when V start element is seen
private boolean vIsOpen;
// Set when cell start element is seen;
// used when cell close element is seen.
private xssfDataType nextDataType;
// Used to format numeric cell values.
private short formatIndex;
private String formatString;
private final DataFormatter formatter;
private int thisColumn = -1;
// The last column printed to the output stream
private int lastColumnNumber = -1;
// Gathers characters as they are seen.
private StringBuffer value;
private String[] record;
private List<String[]> rows = new ArrayList<String[]>();
private boolean isCellNull = false;
/**
* Accepts objects needed while parsing.
*
* @param styles
* Table of styles
* @param strings
* Table of shared strings
* @param cols
* Minimum number of columns to show
* @param target
* Sink for output
*/
public MyXSSFSheetHandler(StylesTable styles,
ReadOnlySharedStringsTable strings, int cols, PrintStream target) {
this.stylesTable = styles;
this.sharedStringsTable = strings;
this.minColumnCount = cols;
this.output = target;
this.value = new StringBuffer();
this.nextDataType = xssfDataType.NUMBER;
this.formatter = new DataFormatter();
record = new String[this.minColumnCount];
rows.clear();// 每次读取都清空行集合
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
*
* @see
* org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler#startElement(java.lang.String,
* java.lang.String, java.lang.String, org.xml.sax.Attributes)
*/
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String name,
Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
if ("inlineStr".equals(name) || "v".equals(name)) {
vIsOpen = true;
// Clear contents cache
value.setLength(0);
}
// c => cell
else if ("c".equals(name)) {
// Get the cell reference
String r = attributes.getValue("r");
int firstDigit = -1;
for (int c = 0; c < r.length(); ++c) {
if (Character.isDigit(r.charAt(c))) {
firstDigit = c;
break;
}
}
thisColumn = nameToColumn(r.substring(0, firstDigit));
// Set up defaults.
this.nextDataType = xssfDataType.NUMBER;
this.formatIndex = -1;
this.formatString = null;
String cellType = attributes.getValue("t");
String cellStyleStr = attributes.getValue("s");
if ("b".equals(cellType))
nextDataType = xssfDataType.BOOL;
else if ("e".equals(cellType))
nextDataType = xssfDataType.ERROR;
else if ("inlineStr".equals(cellType))
nextDataType = xssfDataType.INLINESTR;
else if ("s".equals(cellType))
nextDataType = xssfDataType.SSTINDEX;
else if ("str".equals(cellType))
nextDataType = xssfDataType.FORMULA;
else if (cellStyleStr != null) {
// It's a number, but almost certainly one
// with a special style or format
int styleIndex = Integer.parseInt(cellStyleStr);
XSSFCellStyle style = stylesTable.getStyleAt(styleIndex);
this.formatIndex = style.getDataFormat();
this.formatString = style.getDataFormatString();
if (this.formatString == null)
this.formatString = BuiltinFormats
.getBuiltinFormat(this.formatIndex);
}
}
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
*
* @see org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler#endElement(java.lang.String,
* java.lang.String, java.lang.String)
*/
public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String name)
throws SAXException {
String thisStr = null;
// v => contents of a cell
if ("v".equals(name)) {
// Process the value contents as required.
// Do now, as characters() may be called more than once
switch (nextDataType) {
case BOOL:
char first = value.charAt(0);
thisStr = first == '0' ? "FALSE" : "TRUE";
break;
case ERROR:
thisStr = "\"ERROR:" + value.toString() + '"';
break;
case FORMULA:
// A formula could result in a string value,
// so always add double-quote characters.
thisStr = '"' + value.toString() + '"';
break;
case INLINESTR:
// TODO: have seen an example of this, so it's untested.
XSSFRichTextString rtsi = new XSSFRichTextString(
value.toString());
thisStr = '"' + rtsi.toString() + '"';
break;
case SSTINDEX:
String sstIndex = value.toString();
try {
int idx = Integer.parseInt(sstIndex);
XSSFRichTextString rtss = new XSSFRichTextString(
sharedStringsTable.getEntryAt(idx));
thisStr = '"' + rtss.toString() + '"';
} catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
output.println("Failed to parse SST index '" + sstIndex
+ "': " + ex.toString());
}
break;
case NUMBER:
String n = value.toString();
// 判断是否是日期格式
if (HSSFDateUtil.isADateFormat(this.formatIndex, n)) {
Double d = Double.parseDouble(n);
Date date=HSSFDateUtil.getJavaDate(d);
thisStr=formateDateToString(date);
} else if (this.formatString != null)
thisStr = formatter.formatRawCellContents(
Double.parseDouble(n), this.formatIndex,
this.formatString);
else
thisStr = n;
break;
default:
thisStr = "(TODO: Unexpected type: " + nextDataType + ")";
break;
}
// Output after we've seen the string contents
// Emit commas for any fields that were missing on this row
if (lastColumnNumber == -1) {
lastColumnNumber = 0;
}
//判断单元格的值是否为空
if (thisStr == null || "".equals(isCellNull)) {
isCellNull = true;// 设置单元格是否为空值
}
record[thisColumn] = thisStr;
// Update column
if (thisColumn > -1)
lastColumnNumber = thisColumn;
} else if ("row".equals(name)) {
// Print out any missing commas if needed
if (minColumns > 0) {
// Columns are 0 based
if (lastColumnNumber == -1) {
lastColumnNumber = 0;
}
if (isCellNull == false && record[0] != null
&& record[1] != null)// 判断是否空行
{
rows.add(record.clone());
isCellNull = false;
for (int i = 0; i < record.length; i++) {
record[i] = null;
}
}
}
lastColumnNumber = -1;
}
}
public List<String[]> getRows() {
return rows;
}
public void setRows(List<String[]> rows) {
this.rows = rows;
}
/**
* Captures characters only if a suitable element is open. Originally
* was just "v"; extended for inlineStr also.
*/
public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)
throws SAXException {
if (vIsOpen)
value.append(ch, start, length);
}
/**
* Converts an Excel column name like "C" to a zero-based index.
*
* @param name
* @return Index corresponding to the specified name
*/
private int nameToColumn(String name) {
int column = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < name.length(); ++i) {
int c = name.charAt(i);
column = (column + 1) * 26 + c - 'A';
}
return column;
}
private String formateDateToString(Date date) {
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");//格式化日期
return sdf.format(date);
}
}
// /
private OPCPackage xlsxPackage;
private int minColumns;
private PrintStream output;
private String sheetName;
/**
* Creates a new XLSX -> CSV converter
*
* @param pkg
* The XLSX package to process
* @param output
* The PrintStream to output the CSV to
* @param minColumns
* The minimum number of columns to output, or -1 for no minimum
*/
public XLSXCovertCSVReader(OPCPackage pkg, PrintStream output,
String sheetName, int minColumns) {
this.xlsxPackage = pkg;
this.output = output;
this.minColumns = minColumns;
this.sheetName = sheetName;
}
/**
* Parses and shows the content of one sheet using the specified styles and
* shared-strings tables.
*
* @param styles
* @param strings
* @param sheetInputStream
*/
public List<String[]> processSheet(StylesTable styles,
ReadOnlySharedStringsTable strings, InputStream sheetInputStream)
throws IOException, ParserConfigurationException, SAXException {
InputSource sheetSource = new InputSource(sheetInputStream);
SAXParserFactory saxFactory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
SAXParser saxParser = saxFactory.newSAXParser();
XMLReader sheetParser = saxParser.getXMLReader();
MyXSSFSheetHandler handler = new MyXSSFSheetHandler(styles, strings,
this.minColumns, this.output);
sheetParser.setContentHandler(handler);
sheetParser.parse(sheetSource);
return handler.getRows();
}
/**
* 初始化这个处理程序 将
*
* @throws IOException
* @throws OpenXML4JException
* @throws ParserConfigurationException
* @throws SAXException
*/
public List<String[]> process() throws IOException, OpenXML4JException,
ParserConfigurationException, SAXException {
ReadOnlySharedStringsTable strings = new ReadOnlySharedStringsTable(
this.xlsxPackage);
XSSFReader xssfReader = new XSSFReader(this.xlsxPackage);
List<String[]> list = null;
StylesTable styles = xssfReader.getStylesTable();
XSSFReader.SheetIterator iter = (XSSFReader.SheetIterator) xssfReader
.getSheetsData();
//int index = 0;
while (iter.hasNext()) {
InputStream stream = iter.next();
String sheetNameTemp = iter.getSheetName();
if (this.sheetName.equals(sheetNameTemp)) {
list = processSheet(styles, strings, stream);
stream.close();
//++index;
}
}
return list;
}
/**
* 读取Excel
*
* @param path
* 文件路径
* @param sheetName
* sheet名称
* @param minColumns
* 列总数
* @return
* @throws SAXException
* @throws ParserConfigurationException
* @throws OpenXML4JException
* @throws IOException
*/
public static List<String[]> readerExcel(String path, String sheetName,
int minColumns) throws IOException, OpenXML4JException,
ParserConfigurationException, SAXException {
OPCPackage p = OPCPackage.open(path, PackageAccess.READ);
XLSXCovertCSVReader xlsx2csv = new XLSXCovertCSVReader(p, System.out,
sheetName, minColumns);
List<String[]> list = xlsx2csv.process();
p.close();
return list;
}
}
二.数据导入速度
数据量大,做的Check多,速度当然慢,所以如何提高速度又是一个大问题。
数据插入是无法提高速度的,只能在Check的时候想办法。
我是将与Check相关的数据直接放到HashMap里面,key-value的检索方式速度既快,又能以减少对数据库的访问。
毕竟一个是在内存,一个在硬盘,速度不是一个数量级。
但是在服务器上运行的时候,某一天突然遇到了GC overhead limit exceed。
这是因为大量数据放在内存,导致OOM,且JVM多次进行资源回收都没能释放资源导致的。
解决方法:提高JVM的内存。
我用的是Tomcat,在tomcat/bin下的catalina.bat中,
找到rem Guess CATALINA_HOME if not defined
在下面增加:
set JAVA_OPTS=-Xms256m -Xmx2048m
不过提高内存总是有限的,如果仍然OOM,就只能用SQL进行校验了,但会慢很多。