netty

服务端启动的第一步必须先创建一个监听套接字ServerSocketChannel,该过程是由ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port)中的bind触发。下面详细分析其过程:
Bind源码如下,代码位于ServerBootstrap的父类AbstractBootstrap
Java代码 收藏代码
//AbstractBootstrap
public ChannelFuture bind(int inetPort) {
return bind(new InetSocketAddress(inetPort));
}

public ChannelFuture bind(SocketAddress localAddress) {
validate();
if (localAddress == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("localAddress");
}
return doBind(localAddress);
}
validate()方法的作用为:校验:bossGroup、BootstrapChannelFactory、childHandler非空。如果childGroup为空,则复用bossGroup,将bossGroup赋值给childGroup。

接着来看doBind的逻辑:
Java代码 收藏代码
//AbstractBootstrap
private ChannelFuture doBind(final SocketAddress localAddress) {
final ChannelFuture regPromise = initAndRegister();
final Channel channel = regPromise.channel();
final ChannelPromise promise = channel.newPromise();
if (regPromise.isDone()) {
doBind0(regPromise, channel, localAddress, promise);
} else {
regPromise.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
@Override
public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
doBind0(future, channel, localAddress, promise);
}
});
}
return promise;
}

重点分析里面的initAndRegister()方法
Java代码 收藏代码
//AbstractBootstrap
final ChannelFuture initAndRegister() {
final Channel channel = channelFactory().newChannel();
try {
init(channel);
} catch (Throwable t) {
channel.unsafe().closeForcibly();
return channel.newFailedFuture(t);
}

ChannelPromise regPromise = channel.newPromise();
group().register(channel, regPromise);
if (regPromise.cause() != null) {
if (channel.isRegistered()) {
channel.close();
} else {
channel.unsafe().closeForcibly();
}
}
return regPromise;
}

a)首先分析以下代码:
Java代码 收藏代码
final Channel channel = channelFactory().newChannel()
channelFactory()方法返回之前创建的BootstrapChannelFactory,里面的newChannel()方法会根据反射创建一个ServerSocketChannel
Java代码 收藏代码
//BootstrapChannelFactory
public T newChannel() {
try {
return clazz.newInstance();
} catch (Throwable t) {
throw new ChannelException("Unable to create Channel from class " + clazz, t);
}
}
注:clazz是在服务端启动的这段代码(b.group(bossGroup,workerGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)中设置的。
clazz.newInstance()会调用NioServerSocketChannel的默认构造函数
Java代码 收藏代码
// NioServerSocketChannel
public NioServerSocketChannel() {
super(null, newSocket(), SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
config = new DefaultServerSocketChannelConfig(this, javaChannel().socket());
}
private static ServerSocketChannel newSocket() {
try {
return ServerSocketChannel.open();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new ChannelException(
"Failed to open a server socket.", e);
}
}
注意newSocket中的这行代码:
Java代码 收藏代码
return ServerSocketChannel.open();
此处就是服务端监听套接字ServerSocketChannel创建的地方。

既然是使用NIO,那么设置创建的ServerSocketChannel为非阻塞是在哪个地方发生的呢?看下这行代码
Java代码 收藏代码
super(null, newSocket(), SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
它会对NioServerSocketChannel的父类进行初始化:NioServerSocketChannel的父类是AbstractNioMessageChannel,其构造方法仅仅初始化其父类AbstractNioChannel,父类构造方法如下:
Java代码 收藏代码
//AbstractNioChannel
protected AbstractNioChannel(Channel parent, SelectableChannel ch, int readInterestOp) {
super(parent);
this.ch = ch;
this.readInterestOp = readInterestOp;
try {
ch.configureBlocking(false);
} catch (IOException e) {
try {
ch.close();
} catch (IOException e2) {
if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
logger.warn(
"Failed to close a partially initialized socket.", e2);
}
}
throw new ChannelException("Failed to enter non-blocking mode.", e);
}
}
ch.configureBlocking(false)此处就将之前创建的ServerSocketChannel设置为非阻塞模式。

该方法里还有三点需要注意:
1、super(parent)会调用AbstractNioChannel的父类AbstractChannel的构造方法
Java代码 收藏代码
// AbstractChannel.java
protected AbstractChannel(Channel parent) {
this.parent = parent;
unsafe = newUnsafe();
pipeline = new DefaultChannelPipeline(this);
}
newUnsafe()是由子类AbstractNioMessageChannel实现的,里面实例化了一个内部类NioMessageUnsafe(注:该类很重要,里面定义了read方法,会触发accept的调用,后面对其重点分析)。
2、this.readInterestOp = readInterestOp:设置channel的ops为SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT(值为16)
3、pipeline = new DefaultChannelPipeline(this),创建作用于ServerSocketChannel的管道Pipeline
Java代码 收藏代码
// DefaultChannelPipeline
public DefaultChannelPipeline(Channel channel) {
if (channel == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("channel");
}
this.channel = channel;

TailHandler tailHandler = new TailHandler();
tail = new DefaultChannelHandlerContext(this, null, generateName(tailHandler), tailHandler);

HeadHandler headHandler = new HeadHandler(channel.unsafe());
head = new DefaultChannelHandlerContext(this, null, generateName(headHandler), headHandler);

head.next = tail;
tail.prev = head;
}
DefaultChannelPipeline维护了一个以DefaultChannelHandlerContext为元素的双向链表结构,Head是一个Outbound处理器,而tail是一个Inbound处理器。经过此步骤后,管道中的处理器链表为:Head->tail。

b)再来分析以下代码
Java代码 收藏代码
init(channel)
该方法由子类ServerBootstrap实现
Java代码 收藏代码
// ServerBootstrap.java
void init(Channel channel) throws Exception {
final Map<ChannelOption<?>, Object> options = options();
synchronized (options) {
channel.config().setOptions(options);
}

final Map<AttributeKey<?>, Object> attrs = attrs();
synchronized (attrs) {
for (Entry<AttributeKey<?>, Object> e: attrs.entrySet()) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
AttributeKey<Object> key = (AttributeKey<Object>) e.getKey();
channel.attr(key).set(e.getValue());
}
}

ChannelPipeline p = channel.pipeline();
if (handler() != null) {
p.addLast(handler());
}

final EventLoopGroup currentChildGroup = childGroup;
final ChannelHandler currentChildHandler = childHandler;
final Entry<ChannelOption<?>, Object>[] currentChildOptions;
final Entry<AttributeKey<?>, Object>[] currentChildAttrs;
synchronized (childOptions) {
currentChildOptions = childOptions.entrySet().toArray(newOptionArray(childOptions.size()));
}
synchronized (childAttrs) {
currentChildAttrs = childAttrs.entrySet().toArray(newAttrArray(childAttrs.size()));
}

p.addLast(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
@Override
public void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ServerBootstrapAcceptor(
currentChildGroup, currentChildHandler, currentChildOptions, currentChildAttrs));
}
});
}
该方法主要做了两件事:
1、设置NioServerSocketChannel的options和attrs,并存储之后用于SocketChannel的options和attrs。
2、为NioServerSocketChannel对应的管道增加一个Inbound处理器ChannelInitializer。经过此步骤后,管道中的处理器链表为:head(outbound)->ChannelInitializer(inbound)->tail(inbound)。注意ChannelInitializer的实现方法initChannel,里面会当channelRegistered事件发生时将ServerBootstrapAcceptor加入到管道中。

c) 最后分析 以下代码:
Java代码 收藏代码
group().register(channel, regPromise);
实际是调用MultithreadEventLoopGroup的register方法
Java代码 收藏代码
//MultithreadEventLoopGroup
public ChannelFuture register(Channel channel, ChannelPromise promise) {
return next().register(channel, promise);
}
next方法从bossGroup中选择一个EventExecutor(它实际是一个SingleThreadEventLoop),然后执行register方法
Java代码 收藏代码
//SingleThreadEventLoop
public ChannelFuture register(final Channel channel, final ChannelPromise promise) {
if (channel == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("channel");
}
if (promise == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("promise");
}
channel.unsafe().register(this, promise);
return promise;
}
channel.unsafe().register(this, promise)这里会调用AbstractChannel的内部类AbstractUnsafe的register方法
Java代码 收藏代码
//AbstractUnsafe
public final void register(EventLoop eventLoop, final ChannelPromise promise) {
if (eventLoop == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("eventLoop");
}
if (isRegistered()) {
promise.setFailure(new IllegalStateException("registered to an event loop already"));
return;
}
if (!isCompatible(eventLoop)) {
promise.setFailure(
new IllegalStateException("incompatible event loop type: " + eventLoop.getClass().getName()));
return;
}
AbstractChannel.this.eventLoop = eventLoop;
if (eventLoop.inEventLoop()) {
register0(promise);
} else {
try {
eventLoop.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
register0(promise);
}
});
} catch (Throwable t) {
closeForcibly();
promise.setFailure(t);
}
}
}
此处开启了eventloop中的线程(即启动了boss线程),并将register0任务加入到boss线程的队列中。经过此步骤后,boss线程的任务队列仅含有一个任务,即register0任务,且正在被执行。
接着分析register0任务具体干了什么事情
Java代码 收藏代码
//AbstractUnsafe
private void register0(ChannelPromise promise) {
try {
// check if the channel is still open as it could be closed in the mean time when the register
// call was outside of the eventLoop
if (!ensureOpen(promise)) {
return;
}
Runnable postRegisterTask = doRegister();
registered = true;
promise.setSuccess();
pipeline.fireChannelRegistered();
if (postRegisterTask != null) {
postRegisterTask.run();
}
if (isActive()) {
pipeline.fireChannelActive();
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
// Close the channel directly to avoid FD leak.
closeForcibly();
if (!promise.tryFailure(t)) {
logger.warn(
"Tried to fail the registration promise, but it is complete already. " +
"Swallowing the cause of the registration failure:", t);
}
closeFuture.setClosed();
}
}

protected Runnable doRegister() throws Exception {
boolean selected = false;
for (;;) {
try {
selectionKey = javaChannel().register(eventLoop().selector, 0, this);
return null;
} catch (CancelledKeyException e) {
if (!selected) {
eventLoop().selectNow();
selected = true;
} else {
throw e;
}
}
}
}
看一下doRegister代码,看到这行代码了吧
Java代码 收藏代码
selectionKey = javaChannel().register(eventLoop().selector, 0, this);
它会调用java.nio.channels.spi. AbstractSelectableChannel的register方法, 将ServerSocketChannel、0、以及this注册到selector中并得到对应的selectionkey。
接着再看register0方法中的promise.setSuccess(),将promise设置为success,就会触发异步回调,回调之前main函数所在的线程中为ChannelPromise添加的listner,即AbstractBootstrap的以下代码:
Java代码 收藏代码
//AbstractBootstrap.java
private ChannelFuture doBind(final SocketAddress localAddress) {
final ChannelFuture regPromise = initAndRegister();
final Channel channel = regPromise.channel();
final ChannelPromise promise = channel.newPromise();
if (regPromise.isDone()) {
doBind0(regPromise, channel, localAddress, promise);
} else {
regPromise.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
@Override
public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
doBind0(future, channel, localAddress, promise);
}
});
}
return promise;
}

private static void doBind0(
final ChannelFuture regFuture, final Channel channel,
final SocketAddress localAddress, final ChannelPromise promise) {

// This method is invoked before channelRegistered() is triggered. Give user handlers a chance to set up
// the pipeline in its channelRegistered() implementation.

channel.eventLoop().execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
if (regFuture.isSuccess()) {
channel.bind(localAddress, promise).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE_ON_FAILURE);
} else {
promise.setFailure(regFuture.cause());
}
}
});
}
经过此步骤后,boss线程的任务队列数量由原来的1个增加到了2个,即正在执行的register0任务以及本次新增的bind任务。Bind任务在下一篇文章中进行分析。

再接着分析register0任务中的此行代码pipeline.fireChannelRegistered()
Java代码 收藏代码
//DefaultChannelPipeline
public ChannelPipeline fireChannelRegistered() {
head.fireChannelRegistered();
return this;
}

Java代码 收藏代码
//DefaultChannelHandlerContext
public ChannelHandlerContext fireChannelRegistered() {
final DefaultChannelHandlerContext next = findContextInbound();
EventExecutor executor = next.executor();
if (executor.inEventLoop()) {
next.invokeChannelRegistered();
} else {
executor.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
next.invokeChannelRegistered();
}
});
}
return this;
}

private void invokeChannelRegistered() {
try {
((ChannelInboundHandler) handler).channelRegistered(this);
} catch (Throwable t) {
notifyHandlerException(t);
}
}
ChannelRegistered是一个Inbound事件,因此会按照head->tail的顺序执行所有的inbound处理器,目前有三个处理器:head-> ChannelInitializer ->tail->,ChannelInitializer和tail都是inbound处理器,所以看一下ChannelInitializer的invokeChannelRegistered方法.
Java代码 收藏代码
//ChannelInitializer
public final void channelRegistered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx)
throws Exception {
boolean removed = false;
boolean success = false;
try {
initChannel((C) ctx.channel());
ctx.pipeline().remove(this);
removed = true;
ctx.fireChannelRegistered();
success = true;
} catch (Throwable t) {
logger.warn("Failed to initialize a channel. Closing: " + ctx.channel(), t);
} finally {
if (!removed) {
ctx.pipeline().remove(this);
}
if (!success) {
ctx.close();
}
}
}
}
该方法主要做了以下几件事:
1、initChannel方法是在ServerBootstrap中执行Init方法时,实例化内部类ChannelInitializer实现的
Java代码 收藏代码
p.addLast(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
@Override
public void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ServerBootstrapAcceptor(
currentChildGroup, currentChildHandler, currentChildOptions, currentChildAttrs));
}
});
其功能就是将ServerBootstrapAcceptor作为一个inbound处理器加入到管道中,此时的处理器链表为: Head->ChannelInitializer->ServerBootstrapAcceptor->tail
2、 然后ChannelInitializer将自己从管道中删除,此时的处理器链表变为:Head->ServerBootstrapAcceptor->tail
3、 接着调用ServerBootstrapAcceptor和tail的channelRegistered方法,都没有做啥实质性的事情,最后以tail的空实现结束。

再分析register0任务中的以下代码
Java代码 收藏代码
//AbstractUnsafe
if (isActive())
{
pipeline.fireChannelActive();
}

// NioServerSocketChannel
public boolean isActive() {
return javaChannel().socket().isBound();
}
由于对于监听套接字还没有执行bind操作,所以isActive返回false,不会执行pipeline.fireChannelActive()该行代码。执行完此代码后,register0任务就执行完了,boss线程中的任务队列中仅剩下bind任务。


总结:initAndRegister()方法主要做了以下几件事情:
1、 创建服务端监听套接字ServerSocketChannel
2、 设置监听套接字为非阻塞
3、 设置channel当前感兴趣的事件为SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT(值为16)
4、 创建作用于ServerSocketChannel的管道Pipeline,该管道中此时的处理器链表为:Head(outbound)->tail(inbound)。
5、 设置NioServerSocketChannel的options和attrs,并存储之后用于SocketChannel的options和attrs
6、 为NioServerSocketChannel对应的管道增加一个Inbound处理器ChannelInitializer。经过此步骤后,管道中的处理器链表为:head(outbound)->ChannelInitializer(inbound)->tail(inbound)。注意ChannelInitializer的实现方法initChannel,里面会当channelRegisgered事件发生时将ServerBootstrapAcceptor加入到管道中。
7、 启动了boss线程,并将register0任务加入到boss线程的队列中。而register0做的事情为:将ServerSocketChannel、0、注册到selector中并得到对应的selectionkey。然后触发绑定端口的操作,将bind任务加入到boss线程的任务队列中,该内容在下一篇文章中分析。
8、通过channelRegistered事件,将ServerBootstrapAcceptor加入到管道中,并移除ChannelInitializer,经过此步骤后,管道中的处理器链表为:head(outbound)-> ServerBootstrapAcceptor (inbound)->tail(inbound)。
管道从创建到现在这段时间内,处理器链表的变化历史为:
head->tail
head->ChannelInitializer(inbound)->tail
head->ServerBootstrapAcceptor(inbound)->tail
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