Hibernate学习笔记：一对一的关联关系(one-to-one)

今天开始学关联关系，在关系数据库中，表和表之间通过键关联，而对象与对象之间有继承，拥有的关系，那么hibernate怎么把关系数据库的关系映射到对象之间的关系呢？今天开始学这个主题的第一种，one-to-one一对一的关联关系.一对一的关系很常见，比如：人和他的身份证， 员工和他的联系方式，hibernate中one-to-one的关联关系有两种做法，一种是以主键关联，就是有两个表他们的主键一致；另一种是以外键关联，就是两个表靠外键关联。为了演示这种关联关系，我用了三个表，对应三个相关联的对象：
Member(会员类)， IDCard(身份卡类)， Contact(联系方式类)。Member和IDCard， Contact都是one-to-one的关系，对应的数据库表中member和idcard公用主键，也就是说idcard的主键同时也是外键，和member的id有外键约束。contact的member_id和member的主键id有外键约束。

 package model; public class Member { private int id; private String name; private String sex; //关系数据库中的表之间的关联关系在对象中表现为 //拥有或使用的关系。 member和idcard， contact就是这样 private IDCard card; private Contact contact; //getter and setter ignored public String toString() { return "/nid: " + id + "/nname: " + name + "/nsex: " + sex + "/nidcard: " + (card == null ? "" : card.getIdCard()) + "/ncontact: /n" + (contact == null ? "" : contact.toString()); } }

package model; import java.util.Date; public class IDCard { private int memberId; private String idCard; private Date validateDate; //一个Member拥有一个IDCard， 同样，一个IDCard也对应一个Member； //这样Member和IDCard形成了双向关联，通过Member可以找到IDCard， //通过IDCard也可以找到对应的Member。 private Member member; //getter and setter ignored public String toString() { return "/nmember id: " + memberId + "/nmember name: " + (member == null ? "" : member.getName()) + "/nid card: " + idCard + "/nvalidate date: " + validateDate.toLocaleString(); } }

package model; public class Contact { private int id; private String address; private String tel; private String email; private Member member; //getter and setter ignored public String toString(){ return "id: " + id + "/naddress: " + address + "/ntel: " + tel + "/nemail: " + email; //+ "/nmember name: " + (member==null?"":member.getName()); } }

Member.hbm.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <!-- create table member( id int identity(1, 1) primary key, name varchar(20) not null, sex varchar(1) ) create table idcard( member_id int primary key, id_card varchar(20) not null, validate_date datetime ) create table contact( id int identity(1,1) primary key, address varchar(50) not null, tel varchar(20) not null, email varchar(50), member_id int ) 对contact添加外键约束 alter table contact add constraint fk_mem_id foreign key (member_id) references member(id) 对idcard的主键member_id添加外键约束 alter table idcard add constraint fk_member_id foreign key (member_id) references member(id) 添加一些测试数据 insert into member(name, sex) values('angel3','F') insert into idcard values(7, '200-210-1217',getdate()) insert into contact(address, tel, email, member_id) values('No 400, yyy road, guangzhou', '020-6457568','angel1@tom.com', 4) --> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="model.Member" table="member"> <id name="id" column="id"> <generator class="native" /><!-- identity can also work --> </id> <!-- 在配置字段和属性的时候，如果字段和属性一样，则可以不写column --> <property name="name" length="20" /> <property name="sex" length="1" /> <!-- 下面的one-to-one表明了Member和IDCard, Contact的关联关系, 表示Member对象持有一个IDCard和Contact对象 --> <one-to-one name="card" class="model.IDCard" /> <!-- 因为member和contact通过外键关联,所以下面的property-ref是必须的， 表示属性contact通过Contact中的member与Member关联 --> <one-to-one name="contact" class="model.Contact" property-ref="member" /> </class> </hibernate-mapping>

IDCard.hbm.xml:

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="model.IDCard" table="idcard"> <id name="memberId" column="member_id"> <!-- 因为idcard的memberId是主键同时是外键和member的id关联 所以主键生成策略使用foreign--> <generator class="foreign"> <!-- 下面的参数是必须的，表示本主键由属性member的id决定 --> <param name="property">member</param> </generator> </id> <property name="idCard" column="id_card" /> <!-- 因为member和contact通过外键关联,所以下面的property-ref是必须的， 表示属性contact通过Contact中的member与Member关联 --> <property name="validateDate" column="validate_date" /> <!-- 双向关联回去 --> <one-to-one name="member" class="model.Member" constrained="true" /> </class> </hibernate-mapping>

Contact.hbm.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="model.Contact" table="contact" > <id name="id" column="id"> <generator class="identity" /> </id> <property name="address" /> <property name="tel" /> <property name="email" /> <!-- contact通过member_id关联到member表，1对1映射的时候这里有点别扭，是many-to-one --> <many-to-one name="member" class="model.Member" column="member_id" /> </class> </hibernate-mapping>

需要注意的是要把这3个映射文件加入到Hibernate.cfg.xml中。

MemberDao接口：

package dao; import java.util.*; import model.Member; import model.Order; public interface MemberDao { public List<Member> list(); public Member getById(int id); public List findByName(String name); public void deleteById(int id); public void save(Member c); }

MemberHibernateDao：包括test case。

package dao.hibernate; import java.util.List; import org.hibernate.Criteria; import org.hibernate.Transaction; import org.hibernate.criterion.MatchMode; import org.hibernate.criterion.Restrictions; import dao.MemberDao; import model.Member; import model.Order; public class MemberHibernateDao extends BaseHibernateDao implements MemberDao { public List<Member> list() { return getSession().createQuery("from Member").list(); } public Member getById(int id) { return (Member) getSession().get(Member.class, id); } public List<Member> findByName(String name) { Criteria c = getSession().createCriteria(Member.class); c.add(Restrictions.like("name", "sun", MatchMode.ANYWHERE)); return c.list(); } public void deleteById(int id) { Transaction tx = getSession().beginTransaction(); getSession().delete(getSession().load(Member.class, id)); tx.commit(); } public void save(Member c) { Transaction tx = getSession().beginTransaction(); getSession().saveOrUpdate(c); tx.commit(); } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public static void main(String[] args){ MemberDao dao = new MemberHibernateDao(); List<Member> list = dao.list(); for(Member m : list){ System.out.println(m); } /** Member m1 = dao.getById(1); Member c = new Member(); c.setName("humandy2"); c.setSex("F"); //dao.save(c); IDCard cd = new IDCard(); cd.setIdCard("222-222-789"); cd.setValidateDate(new Date()); cd.setMember(c);//???????????idcard????? c.setCard(cd); dao.save(c); **/ //Member m = dao.getById(7); //dao.deleteById(7); //dao.deleteById(7); } }