处理线程不受控制的异常
在Java中有两种异常:
- 受检查异常(Checked exceptions):这些异常必须显示的指定throws子句,或者使用try..catch语句;如IOException,ClassNotFoundException;
- 运行时异常或者叫做未受检查异常(unchecked exception or runtime exception ):这类异常不需要显示的指定throws或try..catch语句;如NumberFormatException;
当受检查异常在线程的run方法中被抛出,我们必须捕获它并处理,因为run方法签名没有throws子句;当一个运行时异常在run方法中抛出,默认的行为就是将异常栈中的信息打印到控制台然后结束程序;
幸运的是,Java提供了在线程中捕获和处理运行时异常的机制,从而避免了程序应为运行时异常而终止;
接下来展示这种机制;
动手实现
(1) 首先需要实现接口Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler,
public class ExceptionHandler implements Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler {
@Override
public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {
System.out.printf("An exception has been captured\n");
System.out.printf("Thread: %s\n",t.getId());
System.out.printf("Exception: %s: %s\n",e.getClass().getName(),e.getMessage());
System.out.printf("Stack Trace: \n");
e.printStackTrace(System.out);
System.out.printf("Thread status: %s\n",t.getState());
}
}
(2)创建线程,触发一个运行时异常
public class Task implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
// trigger runtime exception
int numero=Integer.parseInt("TTT");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread thread = new Thread(new Task());
//Handle runtime exception in thread
thread.setUncaughtExceptionHandler(new ExceptionHandler());
thread.start();
}
}
一次运行结果:
An exception has been captured
Thread: 10
Exception: java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: "TTT"
Stack Trace:
java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: "TTT"
at java.lang.NumberFormatException.forInputString(NumberFormatException.java:65)
at java.lang.Integer.parseInt(Integer.java:492)
at java.lang.Integer.parseInt(Integer.java:527)
at com.sun.base.thread.A_d.Task.run(Task.java:10)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Thread status: RUNNABLE
要点
(1)实现接口Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler
(2)为线程设置异常处理属性
当一个异常在线程中被抛出,并且没有捕获,JVM会检查这个线程是否设置了对应异常处理Handler,如果设置了JVM调用这个Handler;如果没有,程序打印堆栈信息然后退出;
线程Thread还有一个方法setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler 可以为所有的线程对象设置一个默认的异常处理Handler;
当异常在线程中抛出,JVM首先检查对应的线程是否有异常处理handler,如果没有,JVM将会检查ThreadGroup(后面记录)的异常处理Handler,如果还不存在,JVM检查默认的错误处理Handler,如果没有设置,打印堆栈,退出程序;