Android categorizes device screens using two general properties: size and density. You should expect that your app will be installed on devices with screens that range in both size and density. As such, you should include some alternative resources that optimize your app’s appearance for different screen sizes and densities.
There are four generalized sizes: small, normal, large, xlarge And four generalized densities: low (ldpi), medium (mdpi), high (hdpi), extra high (xhdpi) To declare different layouts and bitmaps you'd like to use for different screens, you must place these alternative resources in separate directories, similar to how you do for different language strings.
Also be aware that the screens orientation (landscape or portrait) is considered a variation of screen size, so many apps should revise the layout to optimize the user experience in each orientation.
Create Different Layouts
To optimize your user experience on different screen sizes, you should create a unique layout XML file for each screen size you want to support. Each layout should be saved into the appropriate resources directory, named with a -<screen_size> suffix. For example, a unique layout for large screens should be saved under res/layout-large/.
Note: Android automatically scales your layout in order to properly fit the screen. Thus, your layouts for different screen sizes don't need to worry about the absolute size of UI elements but instead focus on the layout structure that affects the user experience (such as the size or position of important views relative to sibling views).
For example, this project includes a default layout and an alternative layout for large screens:
Simply reference the layout file in your app as usual:
As another example, here's a project with an alternative layout for landscape orientation:
If you want to provide a special layout for landscape, including while on large screens, then you need to use both the large and land qualifier:
Create Different Bitmaps
You should always provide bitmap resources that are properly scaled to each of the generalized density buckets: low, medium, high and extra-high density. This helps you achieve good graphical quality and performance on all screen densities.
To generate these images, you should start with your raw resource in vector format and generate the images for each density using the following size scale:
This means that if you generate a 200x200 image for xhdpi devices, you should generate the same resource in 150x150 for hdpi, 100x100 for mdpi, and 75x75 for ldpi devices.
Then, place the files in the appropriate drawable resource directory:
Any time you reference @drawable/awesomeimage, the system selects the appropriate bitmap based on the screen's density.
Note: Low-density (ldpi) resources aren’t always necessary. When you provide hdpi assets, the system scales them down by one half to properly fit ldpi screens.
For more tips and guidelines about creating icon assets for your app, see the Iconography design guide.