CentOS7 安装19c

概述

本文记录在Vmware虚拟机安装配置Oracle 19c的过程
主要包含以下三部分内容:

• CentOS环境设置
• 安装19c
• 友好配置

环境介绍

• 系统版本：CentOS7 1810
• 内核: 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
• 数据库版本：19c

1. CentOS环境配置

安装桌面套件

[root@db ~]# yum groupinstall  -y "GNOME DESKTOP"

在线安装操作系统依赖包

[root@db ~]# curl -o oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/x86_64/getPackage/oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

[root@db ~]# yum localinstall oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@db ~]# yum install -y gcc-c++ 

配置系统内核&limits参数

[root@db ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
	net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
	net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 4194304
	net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 4194304
	fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
	fs.file-max = 6815744
	kernel.shmall = 2097152
	kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
	kernel.shmmni = 4096
	kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
	net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
	net.core.rmem_default = 262144
	net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
	net.core.wmem_default = 262144
	net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
[root@db ~]# sysctl -p

[root@db ~]#  vi /etc/security/limits.conf	
	oracle soft nofile 1024
	oracle hard nofile 65536
	oracle soft nproc 2047
	oracle hard nproc 16384
	oracle soft stack 10240
	oracle hard stack 32768

关闭系统透明大页

[root@db ~]#  cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled  # CentOS可以通过这个命令来检测是否开启了. 
# 修改grub GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX增加 transparent_hugepage=never
[root@db ~]#  vi /etc/default/grub 
......
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet numa=off transparent_hugepage=never"
......
# 重新生成grub.cfg文件 
[root@db ~]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

创建目录并授权

[root@db ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app
[root@db ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app
[root@db ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app
[root@db ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
[root@db ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory
[root@db ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oraInventory
[root@db ~]# mkdir -p  /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs
[root@db ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
[root@db ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall  /u01/app/oracle
[root@db ~]# chmod -R 775  /u01/app/oracle

关闭SELinux

[root@db ~]# sed -i s'/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

关闭防火墙

[root@db ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@db ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Fri 2022-11-25 05:08:09 CST; 9ms ago
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
  Process: 8712 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid $FIREWALLD_ARGS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 8712 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Nov 25 04:25:44 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Nov 25 04:25:44 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
Nov 25 05:08:08 db systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Nov 25 05:08:09 db systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
[root@db ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.

2. 安装19c

切换到oracle用户,设置环境变量

[oracle@db ~]$ vi .bash_profile
	export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
	export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
	export ORACLE_SID=prod
	export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
	export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
[oracle@db ~]$ source  .bash_profile
[oracle@db ~]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1

创建软件包目录授予oracle用户权限,上传19c安装包并通过oracle用户解压.

[root@db ~]# mkdir /soft 
[root@db ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /soft 
[root@db ~]# chmod -R 755  /soft
[root@db ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@db soft]$ unzip LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip -d $ORACLE_HOME

设置虚拟机图形界面启动

[root@db ~]# systemctl set-default graphical.target

重启虚拟机, 图形界面打开终端切换到oracle用户

[root@db ~]# cp /root/.Xauthority  /home/oracle/
[root@db ~]# chown oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/.Xauthority  
[root@db ~]# echo $DISPLAY 
:0
[root@db ~]# su - oracle 
[oracle@db ]$ export DISPLAY=:0
[oracle@db ]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME 
[oracle@db  dbhome_1 ]$ ./runInstaller 

输入root用户密码, 自动运行配置脚本

等待安装完成

安装完成!

root用户运行脚本

[root@db ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@db ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Performing root user operation.

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

建库: oracle 图形界面终端输入命令 dbca

登录数据库

[root@db ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@db ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=prod
[oracle@db ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Fri Nov 25 06:07:20 2022
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL>

3. 友好配置

下载rlwrap包 rlwarp下载链接

[root@db soft]# yum install -y  python3   perl-Data-Dumper
[root@db soft]# rpm -ivh rlwrap-0.43-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: rlwrap-0.43-2.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 352c64e5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:rlwrap-0.43-2.el7                ################################# [100%]

配置Oracle环境变量

[oracle@db ~]$ vi .bash_profile
[oracle@db ~]$ cat .bash_profile
......
alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'
alias rman='rlwrap rman'
[oracle@db ~]$  source .bash_profile 

配置glogin.sql设置sqlplus提示符

[oracle@db ~]$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/glogin.sql
[oracle@db ~]$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/glogin.sql
set linesize 120
set pagesize 999
define _editor=vi
set sqlprompt "_user'@'_connect_identifier> "

登录数据库验证友好配置 …