【深入浅出MFC】第一章 Win32 基本程序观念

一.以消息为基础，以事件驱动之

MSG msg;
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, NULL, NULL)) {
	TranslateMessage(&msg);
	DispatchMessage(&msg);
}

1.消息MSG结构

typedef struct tagMSG
{
	HWND hwnd;
	UINT message; // WM_xxx，例如WM_MOUSEMOVE，WM_SIZE...
	WPARAM wParam;
	LPARAM lParam;
	DWORD time;
	POINT pt;
} MSG;

2.窗口消息流程图

二.一个具体而微的Win32 程序

#include <Windows.h>
#include "resource.h"

HINSTANCE _hInstance;
HWND _hWnd;
static TCHAR szClassName[] = TEXT("Test");
static TCHAR szWndName[]  = TEXT("Text");

BOOL InitApplication(HINSTANCE hInstance);
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance,int nCmdShow);
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc( HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam );
LRESULT CALLBACK About(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

//
//入口程序WinMain
//

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{

	if (!InitApplication(hInstance))
	{
		return FALSE;
	}
	if (!InitInstance(hInstance,nCmdShow))
	{
		return FALSE;
	}
	MSG msg;
	while (GetMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0))
	{
		TranslateMessage(&msg);
		DispatchMessage(&msg);
	}
	return msg.wParam;
}

//
//注册窗口类别-——————————InitApplication
//
BOOL InitApplication(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
	WNDCLASS wndclass;
	wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
	wndclass.hCursor      = LoadCursor(NULL,IDC_ARROW);
	wndclass.hIcon        = LoadIcon(NULL,IDI_APPLICATION);
	wndclass.hInstance    = hInstance;
	wndclass.lpszMenuName = MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_MENU1);
	wndclass.lpfnWndProc  = WindowProc;
	wndclass.lpszClassName = szClassName;
	wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;

	return RegisterClass(&wndclass);
}

//
//产生窗口-——————————InitApplication
//
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance,int nCmdShow)
{
	_hInstance = hInstance;
	_hWnd = CreateWindow(szClassName,szWndName,WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,CW_USEDEFAULT,
						NULL,NULL,_hInstance,NULL);

	if (!_hWnd)
	{
		return FALSE;
	}
	ShowWindow(_hWnd,nCmdShow);
	UpdateWindow(_hWnd);
	return TRUE;
}

//
//窗口函数------WindowProc
//
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(
							HWND hwnd,      // handle to window
							UINT uMsg,      // message identifier
							WPARAM wParam,  // first message parameter
							LPARAM lParam   // second message parameter
							)
{
	int wmId, wmEvent;
	switch (uMsg)
	{
	case WM_COMMAND:
		wmId = LOWORD(wParam);
		wmEvent = HIWORD(wParam);
		switch (wmId)
		{
		case IDM_ABOUT:
			DialogBox(_hInstance,MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_ABOUT), hwnd, (DLGPROC)About);
			break;
		case IDM_EXIT:
			DestroyWindow(hwnd);
			break;
		default:
			return(DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam));
		}
		break;
	case WM_DESTROY:
		PostQuitMessage(0);
		break;
	default:
		return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
	}
	return 0;
}
//
//对话框函数——About
//
LRESULT CALLBACK About(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
	switch (uMsg)
	{
	case WM_INITDIALOG:
		return TRUE;
	case WM_COMMAND:
		if (LOWORD(wParam) == IDOK || LOWORD(wParam) == IDCANCEL)
		{
			EndDialog(hwnd,TRUE);
			return TRUE;
		}
		break;
	}
	return FALSE;
}

1.程序入口点 WinMain

int WINAPI WinMain(
  HINSTANCE hInstance,  // handle to current instance
  HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,  // handle to previous instance
  LPSTR lpCmdLine,      // pointer to command line
  int nCmdShow          // show state of window
);

2.窗口类别之注册与窗口之诞生

3.消息循环

while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, NULL, NULL)) {
	TranslateMessage(&msg);
	DispatchMessage(&msg);
}

4.窗口的生命中枢：窗口函数

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(
  HWND hwnd,      // handle to window
  UINT uMsg,      // message identifier
  WPARAM wParam,  // first message parameter
  LPARAM lParam   // second message parameter
);

窗口函数设计为callback 形式，才能开放出一个接口给操作系统叫用。

5.消息映射的雏形

//定义一个MSGMAP_ENTRY 结构和一个dim 宏：
struct MSGMAP_ENTRY {
UINT nMessage;
LONG (*pfn)(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
};
#define dim(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof(x[0]))

组织两个数组_messageEntries[ ] 和_commandEntries[ ]

// 消息与处理例程之对照表格
struct MSGMAP_ENTRY _messageEntries[] =
{
WM_CREATE, OnCreate,
WM_PAINT, OnPaint,
WM_SIZE, OnSize,
WM_COMMAND, OnCommand,
WM_SETFOCUS, OnSetFocus,
WM_CLOSE, OnClose,
WM_DESTROY, OnDestroy,
} ;

// Command-ID 
struct MSGMAP_ENTRY _commandEntries =
{
IDM_ABOUT, OnAbout,
IDM_FILEOPEN, OnFileOpen,
IDM_SAVEAS, OnSaveAs,
} 

6.对话框的运作

对话框函数（dialog procedure）。其类型非常类似窗口函数，但是它通常只处理WM_INITDIALOG 和WM_COMMAND 两个消息.

Modal 对话框的激活与结束，靠的是DialogBox 和EndDialog 两个API 函数.

三.Windows 程序的生与死

四.空闲时间的处理：OnIdle

while (TRUE) {
    if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE) {
        if (msg.message== WM_QUIT)
            break;
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }
    else {
       OnIdle();
    }
}

GetMessage 会过门不入，于是操作系统再去照顾其它人。

PeekMessage 会取回控制权，使程序得以执行一段时间。于是上述消息循环进入OnIdle 函数中。

进程与执行线程