Android6.0M权限管理实战,完美轻量级封装
随着Android版本的不断更新,Google的Android开发人员也想到了Android应用在权限管理方面的各种问题,让好多用户摸不着头脑就使用了用户的隐私数据。
为了在权限这方面加强管理,安卓平台权限一直有被流氓应用随便利用诟病,Android M的发布彻底解决了这一问题,取而代之的是,
app不得不在运行时一个一个询问用户授予权限。Android 6.0(api23)M系统中,做了一些限制, 开发者在使用到每条权限时必须自己调用相关代码请求。
如果没有获得某项权限,直接使用相关功能,则会导致自己程序crash.。为了解决这方面的问题,我们每次请求某一个权限要写好多代码解决这个问题,非常的麻烦。
下面是我做的一个轻量级的封装,可以减少很多重复的工作。
效果图
请求权限
用户禁止了权限
一.Android6.0M对权限的划分
Android6.0M中对用户的权限分为了一般权限和危险权限,这些危险权限除了在AndroidManifest.xml中注册以外,还需要在使用的时候对用户进行请求权限弹窗提醒,才可以使用。
这些危险权限如下:
二.封装一个MPermissionsActivity的思路和步骤
/**
* 检测所有的权限是否都已授权
*
* @param permissions
* @return
*/
private boolean checkPermissions(String[] permissions) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
return true;
}
for (String permission : permissions) {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permission) !=
PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
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/**
* 获取权限集中需要申请权限的列表
*
* @param permissions
* @return
*/
private List<String> getDeniedPermissions(String[] permissions) {
List<String> needRequestPermissionList = new ArrayList<>();
for (String permission : permissions) {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permission) !=
PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED ||
ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, permission)) {
needRequestPermissionList.add(permission);
}
}
return needRequestPermissionList;
}
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/**
* 请求权限
*
* @param permissions 请求的权限
* @param requestCode 请求权限的请求码
*/
public void requestPermission(String[] permissions, int requestCode) {
this.REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSION = requestCode;
if (checkPermissions(permissions)) {
permissionSuccess(REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSION);
} else {
List<String> needPermissions = getDeniedPermissions(permissions);
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, needPermissions.toArray(new String[needPermissions.size()]), REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSION);
}
}
/**
* 系统请求权限回调
*
* @param requestCode
* @param permissions
* @param grantResults
*/
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSION) {
if (verifyPermissions(grantResults)) {
permissionSuccess(REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSION);
} else {
permissionFail(REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSION);
showTipsDialog();
}
}
}
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/**
* 确认所有的权限是否都已授权
*
* @param grantResults
* @return
*/
private boolean verifyPermissions(int[] grantResults) {
for (int grantResult : grantResults) {
if (grantResult != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* 获取权限成功
*
* @param requestCode
*/
public void permissionSuccess(int requestCode) {
Log.d(TAG, "获取权限成功=" + requestCode);
}
/**
* 权限获取失败
* @param requestCode
*/
public void permissionFail(int requestCode) {
Log.d(TAG, "获取权限失败=" + requestCode);
}
/**
* 显示提示对话框
*/
private void showTipsDialog() {
new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
.setTitle("提示信息")
.setMessage("当前应用缺少必要权限,该功能暂时无法使用。如若需要,请单击【确定】按钮前往设置中心进行权限授权。")
.setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
}
})
.setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
startAppSettings();
}
}).show();
}
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- 第八步:授权失败给用户提示后想再次开启跳到设置app权限界面
/**
* 启动当前应用设置页面
*/
private void startAppSettings() {
Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + getPackageName()));
startActivity(intent);
}
三.完整的MPermissionsActivity代码
package cn.bluemobi.dylan.mpermissions;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.support.v7.app.AlertDialog;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by yuandl on 2016-11-16.
*/
public class MPermissionsActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private final String TAG = "MPermissions";
private int REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSION = 0x00099;
/**
* 请求权限
*
* @param permissions 请求的权限
* @param requestCode 请求权限的请求码
*/
public void requestPermission(String[] permissions, int requestCode) {
this.REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSION = requestCode;
if (checkPermissions(permissions)) {
permissionSuccess(REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSION);
} else {
List<String> needPermissions = getDeniedPermissions(permissions);
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, needPermissions.toArray(new String[needPermissions.size()]), REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSION);
}
}
/**
* 检测所有的权限是否都已授权
*
* @param permissions
* @return
*/
private boolean checkPermissions(String[] permissions) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
return true;
}
for (String permission : permissions) {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permission) !=
PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* 获取权限集中需要申请权限的列表
*
* @param permissions
* @return
*/
private List<String> getDeniedPermissions(String[] permissions) {
List<String> needRequestPermissionList = new ArrayList<>();
for (String permission : permissions) {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permission) !=
PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED ||
ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, permission)) {
needRequestPermissionList.add(permission);
}
}
return needRequestPermissionList;
}
/**
* 系统请求权限回调
*
* @param requestCode
* @param permissions
* @param grantResults
*/
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSION) {
if (verifyPermissions(grantResults)) {
permissionSuccess(REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSION);
} else {
permissionFail(REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSION);
showTipsDialog();
}
}
}
/**
* 确认所有的权限是否都已授权
*
* @param grantResults
* @return
*/
private boolean verifyPermissions(int[] grantResults) {
for (int grantResult : grantResults) {
if (grantResult != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* 显示提示对话框
*/
private void showTipsDialog() {
new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
.setTitle("提示信息")
.setMessage("当前应用缺少必要权限,该功能暂时无法使用。如若需要,请单击【确定】按钮前往设置中心进行权限授权。")
.setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
}
})
.setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
startAppSettings();
}
}).show();
}
/**
* 启动当前应用设置页面
*/
private void startAppSettings() {
Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + getPackageName()));
startActivity(intent);
}
/**
* 获取权限成功
*
* @param requestCode
*/
public void permissionSuccess(int requestCode) {
Log.d(TAG, "获取权限成功=" + requestCode);
}
/**
* 权限获取失败
* @param requestCode
*/
public void permissionFail(int requestCode) {
Log.d(TAG, "获取权限失败=" + requestCode);
}
}
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四.用法
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:id="@+id/activity_main"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context="cn.bluemobi.dylan.mpermissions.MainActivity">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Hello World!" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/button"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:onClick="onClick1"
android:text="打电话" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/button2"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:onClick="onClick2"
android:text="写SD卡" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/button3"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:onClick="onClick3"
android:text="拍照" />
</LinearLayout>
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- MainActivity中使用:继承MPermissionsActivity即可
package cn.bluemobi.dylan.mpermissions;
import android.Manifest;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
public class MainActivity extends MPermissionsActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
/**
* 打电话
*
* @param view
*/
public void onClick1(View view) {
requestPermission(new String[]{Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE}, 0x0001);
}
/**
* 写SD卡
*
* @param view
*/
public void onClick2(View view) {
requestPermission(new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, 0x0002);
}
/**
* 拍照
*
* @param view
*/
public void onClick3(View view) {
requestPermission(new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA}, 0x0003);
}
/**
* 权限成功回调函数
*
* @param requestCode
*/
@Override
public void permissionSuccess(int requestCode) {
super.permissionSuccess(requestCode);
switch (requestCode) {
case 0x0001:
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL, Uri.parse("tel:13468857714"));
startActivity(intent);
break;
}
}
}