基于Ansible的角色定制安装wordpress

一、Ansible角色定制（roles）

        对于以上所有的方式有个弊端就是无法实现复用假设在同时部署Web、db、ha 时或不同服务器组合不同的应用就需要写多个yml文件。很难实现灵活的调用。 　　roles 用于层次性、结构化地组织playbook。roles 能够根据层次型结构自动装载变量文件、tasks以及handlers等。要使用roles只需要在playbook中使用include指令即可。简单来讲，roles就是通过分别将变量(vars)、文件(file)、任务(tasks)、模块(modules)及处理器(handlers)放置于单独的目录中，并可以便捷地include它们的一种机制。角色一般用于基于主机构建服务的场景中，但也可以是用于构建守护进程等场景中。

二、搭建实例：wordpress

环境：192.168.10.134        安装php与nginx

           192.168.10.135        安装MySQL

        1、创建一个roles目录来存放我们要写的规则

mkdir /root/roles    #目录位置可自定义

        2、用ansible-galaxy创建规则文件

#创建MySQL安装
ansible-gaalaxy init mysql

        3、在tasks/main.yml里写安装规则 

---
# tasks file for mysql
- name: get yum-source
  get_url: url=http://10.36.192.100/yum-server.sh dest=/root/
- name: update yum
  shell: sh /root/yum-server.sh
- name: install mysql
  yum: name=mysql-server state=present
- name: up mysqld
  service: name=mysqld state=started enabled=true
#更改数据库密码
- name: change password
  shell: mysqladmin -p"`awk '/temporary password/{p=$NF}END{print p}' /var/log/mysqld.log`" password 'Yongcun8023#'
#创建wordpress库并授权
- name: create database
  shell: mysql -'pYongcun8023#' -e "create database wordpress charset "uft8";grant all on wordpress.* to 'wordpress'@'%' identified by "Yongcun8023#"" 

        4、创建nginx规则文件 

ansible-galaxy init nginx

 

# 在vars/main.yml文件中定义变量，在下面的文件中引用变量

# vars file for nginx
user_server: nginx
user_port: 8000    #将nginx访问端口设置成8000

#同样在、tasks/main.yml下写nginx安装规则

---
# tasks file for nginx
#这是配置本地源，这个需要根据你的情况，配置yum源，如果你有，就不用
- name: get yum-source
  get_url: url=http://10.36.192.100/yum-server.sh dest=/root/
- name: update yum
  shell: sh /root/yum-server.sh
- name: install {{ user_server }}
  yum: name={{ user_server }} state=present 
- name: change file
  template: src=nginx.conf dest=/etc/nginx/
- name: start {{ user_server }}
  service: name={{ user_server }} state=started

#因为nginx需要连接php，所以，我们要提前改一下nginx配置文件，改好的配置文件放在nginx/templates里，更改如下

# For more information on configuration, see:
#   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
#   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/

user {{ user_server }};
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 4096;

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;

    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
    # for more information.
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

    server {
        listen       {{ user_port | default("80") }};
        listen       [::]:80;
        server_name  _;
        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;

        location / {
			root /usr/share/nginx/html/wordpress/;
			index index.php;
		}
        location ~ \.php$ {
            root          /usr/share/nginx/html/wordpress/;  
            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000; 
            fastcgi_index  index.php;
            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; 
            include        fastcgi_params; 
        		}

        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

        error_page 404 /404.html;
        location = /404.html {
        }

        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
        }
    }

# Settings for a TLS enabled server.
#
#    server {
#        listen       443 ssl http2;
#        listen       [::]:443 ssl http2;
#        server_name  _;
#        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
#
#        ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";
#        ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";
#        ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
#        ssl_session_timeout  10m;
#        ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
#        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
#
#        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
#        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
#
#        error_page 404 /404.html;
#            location = /40x.html {
#        }
#
#        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
#            location = /50x.html {
#        }
#    }

}

 5、创建php规则文件

ansible-galaxy init php

 

#同样在tasks/main.yml中写安装php的规则 

---
# tasks file for php
- name: install php
  yum: name=php80-php-xsl,php80-php,php80-php-cli,php80-php-devel,php80-php-gd,php80-php-pdo,php80-php-mysql,php80-php-fpm state=present
- name: start php
  service: name=php80-php-fpm state=started
- name: souce wordpress
  unarchive: src=wordpress-5.9.1-zh_CN.tar.gz dest=/usr/share/nginx/html/

6、创建一个以.yml结尾的文件

touch /root/roles/roles.yml

 写入一下内容

---
- hosts: web    #要安装的主机组，也可以是ip
  remote_user: root    #执行的用户
  roles: 
    - php    #规则文件，比如要执行MySQL的安装，那就写MySQL创建的目录名

 在上面的文件中写入对应的规则文件和安装的主机组，用ansible-playbook来执行

#查看文件格式是否错误
ansible-playbook roles.yml --syntax-check
#列出要执行的主机
ansible-playbook roles.yml --list-hosts
#列出要执行的任务
ansible-playbook roles.yml --list-tasks
#前面都没问题，那就分别执行
ansible-playbook roles.yml

 

 7、访问http://192.168.10.134:8000

 

#填写配置相关配置

 

在wordpress发布路径，创建vim /usr/share/nginx/html/wordpress/wp-config.php ，将框内内容写入，然后下一步登录即可