在上一篇文章,讲了服务的注册和发现http://linkais.com/archives/292,在微服务架构中,业务都会被拆分成一个独立的服务,服务与服务的通讯是基于http restful的。Spring cloud有两种服务调用方式,一种是ribbon+restTemplate,另一种是feign。本文先基于ribbon+rest实现服务消费。
一、ribbon简介
ribbon是一个负载均衡客户端,可以很好的控制htt和tcp的一些行为。Feign默认集成了ribbon。
基于上一篇文章,使用ribbon+restTemplate方式实现服务消费与负载均衡,需要启动三个工程,分别是EurakaServer、EurakaClient,复制EurakaClient工程,并命名为EurakaClient1,主要是为了等会验证负载均衡。
二、新建一个服务消费者工程
1、新建一个工程,取名为:serviceRibbon,在pom.xml引入了以下依赖:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>demo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>demo</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Finchley.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2、在工程的配置文件指定服务的注册中心地址为http://localhost:3401/eureka/,程序名称为 serviceRibbon,程序端口为3404。配置文件application.yml如下:
server:
port: 3404
spring:
application:
name: serviceRibbon
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:3401/eureka/
在工程的启动类中,通过@EnableEurekaClient向服务中心注册;并且向程序的ioc注入一个bean: restTemplate;并通过@LoadBalanced注解表明这个restRemplate开启负载均衡的功能。
package com.example.demo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class DemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
3、编写服务类通过=注入ioc容器的restTemplate来消费EeurekaClient服务的接口,路径为“/test”,代码如下所示:
package com.example.demo;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Service
public class TestService {
@Autowired
public RestTemplate restTemplate;
public String testRibbonService() {
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://eurekaClient/test",String.class);
}
}
使用restTemplate.getForObject方法通过程序名替代了具体的url地址。
4、写一个controller,在controller中用调用TestService的方法,代码如下:
package com.example.demo;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class TestControler {
@Autowired
public TestService testService;
@GetMapping(value = "/testRibbon")
public String testRibbonService() {
return testService.testRibbonService();
}
}
5、最后在浏览器上多次访问http://localhost:3404/testRibbon?name=XXX,将消费EnarakaClient和EnarakaClient1两个工程,打印出不同端口号,因此实现负载均衡。如图:
服务注册中心访问后如下图所示: