java spi

容器希望中间件只提供相关的connector依赖给业务方使用，而不是具体的实现。通过connector带来的好处就是，中间件升级jar包，不会影响业务方的使用，业务方对其无感知。并且业务代码里也不会引入多于的jar包，导致不必要的jar冲突。

Java 6 has introduced a feature for discovering and loading implementations matching a given interface: Service Provider Interface (SPI).

SPI能够将接口和实现类解耦，给业务方相关的接口类，接口的实现类在放在某个classpath下，通过SPI来做到接口匹配对应的实现类。

基于自定义ClassLoader和SPI来做到上图的内容

//定义接口模块
public interface Person {
 
    void greet(String name);
}

//定义接口实现模块
public class YoungPerson implements Person {
    public void greet(final String name) {
        System.out.println("hello old person");
    }
}
public class OldPerson implements Person {
 
    public void greet(final String name) {
        System.out.println("hello young person");
    }
}
//在META-INF/services下添加com.laomei.test.Person
com.laomei.spi.test.OldPerson
com.laomei.spi.test.YoungPerson

//测试模块，测试模块只依赖接口模块，不依赖实现模块
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
        URLClassLoader customClassLoader = customClassLoader();
        Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(customClassLoader);
        ServiceLoader<Person> person = ServiceLoader.load(Person.class);
        Iterator<Person> iterator = person.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            Person customPerson = iterator.next();
            customPerson.greet(" user");
        }
    }
 
    public static URLClassLoader customClassLoader() throws MalformedURLException {
        String path = "jar:file:///opt/spi-test-implement.jar!/";
        return new URLClassLoader(new URL[]{ new URL(path) });
    }
}

//结果
hello young person
hello old person