SpringCloud入门 - 搭建一个基础的应用
项目 github 地址:springcloud-base
- SpringCloud 是一个基于 SpringBoot 实现的服务治理工具包,在微服务架构中用于管理和协调服务,因此使用 SpringCloud 要先掌握 SpringBoot;
- SpringCloud 是一系列框架的有序集合;
- SpringCloud 利用 SpringBoot 的开发便利性巧妙地简化了分布式系统基础设施的开发,如服务发现注册、配置中心、消息总线、负载均衡、断路器、数据监控等,都可以用SpringBoot 的开发风格做到一键启动和部署;
- 微服务不需要像普通服务那样成为一种独立的功能或者独立的资源,微服务是需要与业务能力相匹配,每个微服务可以独立技术选型,独立开发,独立部署,独立运维,并且多个服务相互协调,相互配合,最终完成用户的价值;
- 微服务架构只需要在特定的某种服务中增加所需功能,而不影响整体进程的架构,微服务可以在“自己的程序”中运行,并通过“轻量级设备与HTTP型API进行沟通”。
注册中心 eureka
1.pom.mxl 配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.1.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.eureka</groupId>
<artifactId>eureka</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>eureka</name>
<description>Eureka project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR6</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2.application.properties 配置
# 工程名称
spring.application.name=eureka
# 服务端口
server.port=8761
#是否要注册到Eureka
eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
#表示是否从Eureka Server获取注册信息
eureka.client.fetch-registry=false
# 服务地址
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka
启动类 EurekaApplication
package com.eureka;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer // 声明这是一个Eureka服务器
public class EurekaApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaApplication.class, args);
}
}
服务提供者 server-provider
1.pom.xml 配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.1.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.provider</groupId>
<artifactId>server-provider</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>server-provider</name>
<description>Server Provider project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR6</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2.application.properties 配置
# 工程名称 | 注册到Eureka Server上的应用名称
spring.application.name=server-provider
# 服务端口
server.port=8081
# 服务注册的位置
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka
#将自己的ip注册到EuekaServer上
eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true
3.启动类 ServerProviderApplication
package com.provider;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient // 声明这是一个Eureka的客户端
public class ServerProviderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ServerProviderApplication.class, args);
}
}
4. 控制器 HelloServerController
package com.provider.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class HelloServerController {
@RequestMapping(value = "helloServer", method = RequestMethod.GET, produces = "application/json;charser=utf-8")
public String helloServerController() {
return "Hello World!";
}
}
服务消费者 server-consumer
1.pom.xml 配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.1.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.consumer</groupId>
<artifactId>server-consumer</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>server-consumer</name>
<description>Server Consumer project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2.application.properties 配置
# 工程名称
spring.application.name=server-consumer
# 服务端口
server.port=8080
3.启动类 ServerConsumerApplication
package com.consumer;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class ServerConsumerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ServerConsumerApplication.class, args);
}
}
4.控制器 HelloConsumerController
package com.consumer.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@RestController
public class HelloConsumerController {
@RequestMapping(value = "hello", method = RequestMethod.GET, produces = "application/json;charser=utf-8")
public String helloController() {
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8081/helloServer", String.class);
}
}