mybatis动态sql语句

mybatis动态sql

MyBatis 的强大特性之一便是它的动态 SQL。如果你有使用 JDBC 或其它类似框架的经验,你就能体会到根据不同条件拼接 SQL 语句的痛苦。例如拼接时要确保不能忘记添加必要的空格,还要注意去掉列表最后一个列名的逗号。利用动态 SQL 这一特性可以彻底摆脱这种痛苦。

if语句

动态 SQL 通常要做的事情是根据条件包含 where 子句的一部分。比如:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="sz.lz.dao.IUserDao">
	<select id="query" parameterType="sz.lz.vo.User" resultType="sz.lz.vo.User">
		SELECT id,name,age FROM t_user WHERE 1=1 
		<if test="name !=null">
			AND name =#{name}
		</if>
	</select>		
</mapper>

这条语句是如果没有传入name属性,那么将会查询出t_user表中的所有数据;反之若传入了name,那么就会根据name属性进行查询

dao层方法

package sz.lz.dao;

import java.util.List;
import sz.lz.vo.User;

public interface IUserDao {

	public List<User> query(User user);

}

测试方法

不传name属性

public class Test {

	@org.junit.Test
	public void test() throws IOException {
		InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
		SqlSessionFactory ssf = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in);
		SqlSession session = ssf.openSession(true);
		IUserDao dao = session.getMapper(IUserDao.class);
		User user = new User();
		user.setAge(33);
		List<User> list = dao.query(user);
		for (User us : list) {
			System.out.println(us);
		}		
	}
		
}

不传name属性测试结果:可以看出查询出了所有的数据

[外链图片转存失败(img-P5xOcMaj-1563082680844)(D:\Typora\截图\动态sql_if01.png)]

传name属性

public class Test {

	@org.junit.Test
	public void test() throws IOException {
		InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
		SqlSessionFactory ssf = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in);
		SqlSession session = ssf.openSession(true);
		IUserDao dao = session.getMapper(IUserDao.class);
		User user = new User();
		user.setAge(33);
		user.setName("小华");
		List<User> list = dao.query(user);
		for (User us : list) {
			System.out.println(us);
		}		
	}
		
}

传name属性测试结果:

[外链图片转存失败(img-GlG59nJ4-1563082680847)(D:\Typora\截图\动态sql_if02.png)]

choose,when,otherwise

有时我们不想应用到所有的条件语句,而只想从中择其一项。针对这种情况,MyBatis 提供了 choose 元素,它有点像 Java 中的 switch 语句。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="sz.lz.dao.IUserDao">
	<select id="query" parameterType="sz.lz.vo.User" resultType="sz.lz.vo.User">
		SELECT id,name,age FROM t_user WHERE 
		<choose>
			<when test="id!=null">
				id=#{id}
			</when>
			<when test="name!=null">
				name=#{name}
			</when>
			<otherwise>
				id=1
			</otherwise>
		</choose>
	</select>			
</mapper>

这条语句的意思是,如果id不为空那么就按id查,如果id为空就看name,如果name不为空就按name查询,如果name为空就按id=1查询

测试方法

只设置了age属性没有设置name和id属性

public class Test {

	@org.junit.Test
	public void test() throws IOException {
		InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
		SqlSessionFactory ssf = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in);
		SqlSession session = ssf.openSession(true);
		IUserDao dao = session.getMapper(IUserDao.class);
		User user = new User();
		user.setAge(33);
		List<User> list = dao.query(user);
		for (User us : list) {
			System.out.println(us);
		}		
	}
		
}

测试结果:可以看到是按id=1查询的

[外链图片转存失败(img-MdtkIWGs-1563082680848)(D:\Typora\截图\choose,when,otherwise01.png)]

只设置了name属性没有设置id属性

public class Test {

	@org.junit.Test
	public void test() throws IOException {
		InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
		SqlSessionFactory ssf = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in);
		SqlSession session = ssf.openSession(true);
		IUserDao dao = session.getMapper(IUserDao.class);
		User user = new User();
		user.setName("小华");
		List<User> list = dao.query(user);
		for (User us : list) {
			System.out.println(us);
		}		
	}
		
}

测试结果:可以看到是按name查询的

[外链图片转存失败(img-2QKdbp9V-1563082680849)(D:\Typora\截图\choose,when,otherwise02.png)]

设置了name属性和id属性

public class Test {

	@org.junit.Test
	public void test() throws IOException {
		InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
		SqlSessionFactory ssf = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in);
		SqlSession session = ssf.openSession(true);
		IUserDao dao = session.getMapper(IUserDao.class);
		User user = new User();
		user.setId(43);
		user.setName("小华");
		List<User> list = dao.query(user);
		for (User us : list) {
			System.out.println(us);
		}		
	}
		
}

测试结果:

[外链图片转存失败(img-R4seISOT-1563082680850)(D:\Typora\截图\choose,when,otherwise03.png)]

where语句

在使用if语句做动态条件处理的时候如果所有条件都不满足,那么得到的SQL语句就会有问题如:SELECT * FROM t_user WHERE在这种情况下,我们一般会加一个1=1来匹配语法规则,就像上面if语句中到的那样,然而mybatis提供了where标签来解决这一问题

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="sz.lz.dao.IUserDao">
	<select id="query" parameterType="sz.lz.vo.User" resultType="sz.lz.vo.User">
		SELECT id,name,age FROM t_user 
		<where>
			<if test="id!=null">
				AND id=#{id}
			</if>
			<if test="name!=null">
				AND name=#{name}
			</if>
		</where>		
	</select>	
</mapper>

测试方法

传递id和name

public class Test {

	@org.junit.Test
	public void test() throws IOException {
		InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
		SqlSessionFactory ssf = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in);
		SqlSession session = ssf.openSession(true);
		IUserDao dao = session.getMapper(IUserDao.class);
		User user = new User();
		user.setId(43);
		user.setName("小芳");
		List<User> list = dao.query(user);
		for (User us : list) {
			System.out.println(us);
		}		
	}
		
}

测试结果:可以看到去掉了最前面的AND

[外链图片转存失败(img-Ubm8D1qE-1563082680851)(D:\Typora\截图\mybatis_where01.png)]

id和name都不传

public class Test {

	@org.junit.Test
	public void test() throws IOException {
		InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
		SqlSessionFactory ssf = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in);
		SqlSession session = ssf.openSession(true);
		IUserDao dao = session.getMapper(IUserDao.class);
		User user = new User();
		List<User> list = dao.query(user);
		for (User us : list) {
			System.out.println(us);
		}		
	}
		
}

测试结果

[外链图片转存失败(img-uivKijHy-1563082680853)(D:\Typora\截图\mybatis_where02.png)]

SET语句

set 元素会动态前置 SET 关键字,同时也会删掉无关的逗号,因为用了条件语句之后很可能就会在生成的 SQL 语句的后面留下这些逗号。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="sz.lz.dao.IUserDao">
	<update id="updateUser" parameterType="sz.lz.vo.User" >
		UPDATE t_user 
		<set>
			<if test="name!=null">
				name = #{name},
			</if>
			<if test="age!=null">
				age = #{age},
			</if>
		</set>
		WHERE id = #{id}
	</update>	
</mapper>

测试方法

public class Test {

	@org.junit.Test
	public void test() throws IOException {
		InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
		SqlSessionFactory ssf = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in);
		SqlSession session = ssf.openSession(true);
		IUserDao dao = session.getMapper(IUserDao.class);
		User user = new User();
		user.setId(43);
		user.setName("小小");
		user.setAge(33);
		int count = dao.updateUser(user);
		System.out.println("更新了-->"+count+"条数据");		
	}
		
}

测试结果

[外链图片转存失败(img-vfj01gYB-1563082680854)(D:\Typora\截图\mybatis_set.png)]

trim语句

trim标记是一个格式化的标记.

[外链图片转存失败(img-KXIwU35l-1563082680855)(D:\Typora\截图\trim_01.png)]

替代where的用法

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="sz.lz.dao.IUserDao">
	<select id="query" parameterType="sz.lz.vo.User" resultType="sz.lz.vo.User">
		SELECT id,name,age FROM t_user 
		<trim prefix="WHERE" prefixOverrides="AND">
			<if test="id!=null">
				AND id=#{id}
			</if>
			<if test="name!=null">
				AND name=#{name}
			</if>
		</trim>		
	</select>
</mapper>

测试方法

@org.junit.Test
	public void test1() throws IOException {
		InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
		SqlSessionFactory ssf = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in);
		SqlSession session = ssf.openSession(true);
		IUserDao dao = session.getMapper(IUserDao.class);
		User user = new User();
		user.setId(43);
		user.setName("小小");
		user.setAge(33);
		List<User> list = dao.query(user);
		for (User user2 : list) {
			System.out.println(user2);
		}
		
	}

测试结果

[外链图片转存失败(img-OizMcO7U-1563082680857)(D:\Typora\截图\mybatis_trim02png.png)]

替代set的用法

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="sz.lz.dao.IUserDao">	
	<update id="updateUser" parameterType="sz.lz.vo.User" >
		UPDATE t_user 
		<trim prefix="SET"  suffixOverrides=",">
			<if test="name!=null">
				name = #{name},
			</if>
			<if test="age!=null">
				age = #{age},
			</if>
		</trim>
		WHERE id = #{id}
	</update>	
</mapper>
foreach语句

foreach通常用来遍历数组或集合.

[外链图片转存失败(img-sOoW8Cms-1563082680859)(D:\Typora\截图\mybatis_foreach01.png)]

利用foreach添加数据

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="sz.lz.dao.IUserDao">	
	<insert id="addUsers">
		INSERT INTO t_user(name,age) VALUE
		<foreach collection="list" item="user" separator=",">
			(#{user.name},#{user.age})
		</foreach>
	</insert>
</mapper>

dao层方法

package sz.lz.dao;

import java.util.List;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import sz.lz.vo.User;

public interface IUserDao {

	public int addUsers(@Param("list")List<User> userList);
	

}

测试方法

@org.junit.Test
	public void test2() throws IOException {
		InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
		SqlSessionFactory ssf = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in);
		SqlSession session = ssf.openSession(true);
		IUserDao dao = session.getMapper(IUserDao.class);
		List<User> list = new ArrayList<User>();
		for(int i=0;i<=5;i++) {
			User user = new User("测试"+i,33+i);
			list.add(user);	
		}
		int count = dao.addUsers(list);		
		System.out.println("更新了-->"+count+"条数据");
			
	}

测试结果

[外链图片转存失败(img-7wMbRNhm-1563082680861)(D:\Typora\截图\mybatis_foreach02.png)]

bind

bind 元素可以从 OGNL 表达式中创建一个变量并将其绑定到上下文。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="sz.lz.dao.IUserDao">	
	<select id="queryById" parameterType="int" resultType="sz.lz.vo.User">
		<bind name="ddd" value="12"/>
		SELECT * FROM t_user WHERE id = ${ddd}
	</select>
</mapper>

dao层方法

public interface IUserDao {
    
	public User	queryById();
	
}

测试方法

@org.junit.Test
	public void test3() throws IOException {
		InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
		SqlSessionFactory ssf = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in);
		SqlSession session = ssf.openSession(true);
		IUserDao dao = session.getMapper(IUserDao.class);
		User user = dao.queryById();
		System.out.println(user);
			
	}

测试结果

[外链图片转存失败(img-wzS5flbH-1563082680862)(D:\Typora\截图\mybatis_bind01.png)]

sql

sql片段一般用来定义sql中的列

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="sz.lz.dao.IUserDao">
    <!-- 一般用来定义需要重复使用的列名 -->
	<sql id="baseSql">
		id,name,age
	</sql>
	<select id="queryById" parameterType="int" resultType="sz.lz.vo.User">
		<bind name="ddd" value="34"/>
		SELECT  <include refid="baseSql"/> FROM t_user WHERE id = ${ddd}
	</select>
</mapper>

测试结果

[外链图片转存失败(img-4SBdEnrm-1563082680864)(D:\Typora\截图\mybatis_sql.png)]

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