构造函数中base和this的用法与区别

 http://www.programfan.com/blog/article.asp?id=30049
看C#高级编程中关于类的构造函数时候碰到BASE和THIS不懂 看了下这篇文章，不错！

代码最具有说服性了，看下面代码吧：

//代码段一

public  class ConstructorProgram1
    {
      private string name;

      public ConstructorProgram1()
      {
          Console.WriteLine("No Info Left");
      }
      public ConstructorProgram1(string name)
      {
          this.name = name;
          Console.WriteLine("name=" + this.name);
      } 

    }

这里我重载了另外一个构造函数，里面的this作为一个指针指示了一个类的引用。即是ConstructorProgram1类的引用。这个很简单，但不是重点。

这篇文章最重点要说一下：this和base在构造函数中扮演的角色。

看下面的代码：

public class ConstructorProgram
    {
       private string name;
       private int age;
  
       public ConstructorProgram():this("bell")
       {
           //Console.WriteLine("No Info Left.");
       }
       public ConstructorProgram(string name)
           :this("Simple Programmer",20)
        {
            this.name = name;
            Console.WriteLine("name=" + this.name);
        }
        public ConstructorProgram(string name, int age)
        {
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
            Console.WriteLine("name=" + this.name);
            Console.WriteLine("age=" + this.age);
        }

       public static void Main()
       {
           ConstructorProgram cp1= new ConstructorProgram("goal");
           ConstructorProgram cp2 = new ConstructorProgram();
         
          

       }
    }
   

运行结果:

name=Simple Programmer

age=20

name=goal

name=Simple Programmer

age=20

name=bell

 

在上面的代码当中，可以看出来这里红色字体的this用来调用ConstructorProgram类的自身的构造函数。明白这句话的涵义，应该会明白执行结果了。

接着下面的代码如下：

 public  class ConstructorProgram1
    {
      private string name;
      private int age;
      public ConstructorProgram1()
      {
          Console.WriteLine("No Info Left");
      }
      public ConstructorProgram1(string name)
      {
          this.name = name;
          Console.WriteLine("name=" + this.name);
      }
      public ConstructorProgram1(string name, int age)
      {
          this.name = name;
          this.age = age;
          Console.WriteLine("name=" + this.name);
          Console.WriteLine("age=" + this.age);
      }
       

    }

  public  class ConstructorProgram : ConstructorProgram1
    {

      public ConstructorProgram()
      {
          //Console.WriteLine("sdfsdf");
      }
      public ConstructorProgram(string name)
          : base("goalbell",20)
      {
          Console.WriteLine("name=" + name);
      }

      public static void Main()
      {
          ConstructorProgram cp = new ConstructorProgram("Programmer");
      }
     
    }

运行结果如下：

name=goalbell

age=20

name=Programmer

 

可以看出上面的代码，派生类中的base调用了父类（基类）的构造函数了，但是如果不提供初始化（即把 : base("goalbell",20)
不要）指向基类的构造函数的话，它会执行基类中没有参数的构造函数。

会得到如下结果：

name=goalbell

age=20

name=Programmer

No Info Left

也就是说BASE是对父类的引用，而THIS是对类本身自己的引用。

在看下下面的代码

using System;
namespace Zjw.Csharp
{
 public  class ConstructorProgram1
    {
      private string name;

      public ConstructorProgram1()
      {
          Console.WriteLine("No Info Left");
      }
      public ConstructorProgram1(string name)
      {
          this.name = name;
          Console.WriteLine("name=" + this.name);
      }

    }
public class ConstructorProgram:ConstructorProgram1
    {
       private string name;
       private int age;
 
       public ConstructorProgram():this("bell")
       {
           //Console.WriteLine("No Info Left.");
       }
       public ConstructorProgram(string name)
           :this("Simple Programmer",20)
        {
            this.name = name;
            Console.WriteLine("name=" + this.name);
        }
        public ConstructorProgram(string name, int age)
        {
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
            Console.WriteLine("name=" + this.name);
            Console.WriteLine("age=" + this.age);
        }

       public static void Main()
       {
           ConstructorProgram cp1= new ConstructorProgram("goal");
           ConstructorProgram cp2 = new ConstructorProgram();
         
           Console.ReadLine();

       }
    }

}

执行结果是

No Info Left

name=Simple Programmer

age=20

name=goal

No Info Left

name=Simple Programmer

age=20

name=bell

可以得到的结论是   先调用父类的构造函数进行初始化，在调用继承类的构造函数，如果没有在继承类中指明父类的构造函数，则默认调用父类中没有参数的构造函数，然后调用继承类的构造函数。 

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