iOS 数据持久化（二）

iOS中有五种持久化数据的方式：属性列表、对象归档、NSUserDefaults、SQLite3和Core Data。

本文介绍对象归档来持久化数据。归档的作用就是将对象以文件的形式保存到磁盘中，以使得数据序列化和持久化。

使用归档的时候读取该文件保存路径来读取文件的内容，归档的文件是进行过保密处理的，在磁盘上是无法查看文件的内容的，这也是和属性列表的区别：属性列表是明文，可以直接从磁盘查看其内容。

使用归档需要使用NSCoding协议中的代理两个方法

@protocol NSCoding

- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder;
- (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder;

@end

自定义类进行归档：

//
//  ScoreCard.h
//  ArchiverDemo
//
//  Created by swplzj on 13-11-19.
//  Copyright (c) 2013年 swplzj. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
//遵循NSCoding协议
@interface ScoreCard : NSObject<NSCoding>
{
    NSString *_bestTime;
    NSMutableArray *_allTimes;
}

@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *bestTime;
@property (copy) NSMutableArray *allTimes;

@end

//
//  ScoreCard.m
//  ArchiverDemo
//
//  Created by swplzj on 13-11-19.
//  Copyright (c) 2013年 swplzj. All rights reserved.
//

#import "ScoreCard.h"

@implementation ScoreCard

@synthesize bestTime = _bestTime;
@synthesize allTimes = _allTimes;

- (void)dealloc
{
    [_bestTime release];
    [_allTimes release];
    
    [super dealloc];
}

- (id)init
{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        _bestTime = [[NSString alloc] init];
        _allTimes = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
    }
    return self;
}

//解码方法
- (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder
{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        _bestTime = [[aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"bestTime"] retain];
        _allTimes = [[aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"allTimes"] retain];
    }
    return self;
}

//编码方法
- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder
{
    [aCoder encodeObject:_bestTime forKey:@"bestTime"];
    [aCoder encodeObject:_allTimes forKey:@"allTimes"];
}

@end

//
//  Athlete.h
//  ArchiverDemo
//
//  Created by swplzj on 13-11-19.
//  Copyright (c) 2013年 swplzj. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@class ScoreCard;

//遵守NSCoding 协议
@interface Athlete : NSObject<NSCoding>
{
    NSString *_name;
    NSString *_bio;
    NSString *_phoneNumber;
    ScoreCard *_scoreCard;
    BOOL _eligible;
}

@property (copy) NSString *name, *bio, *phoneNumber;
@property (retain) ScoreCard *scoreCard;
@property (getter = isEligible) BOOL eligible;

- (void)print;

@end

//
//  Athlete.m
//  ArchiverDemo
//
//  Created by swplzj on 13-11-19.
//  Copyright (c) 2013年 swplzj. All rights reserved.
//

#import "Athlete.h"
#import "ScoreCard.h"

@implementation Athlete

@synthesize name = _name, bio = _bio, phoneNumber = _phoneNumber, scoreCard = _scoreCard, eligible = _eligible;

- (void)dealloc
{
    [_name release];
    [_bio release];
    [_scoreCard release];

    [super dealloc];
}

- (id)init
{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        _name = [[NSString alloc] init];
        _bio = [[NSString alloc] init];
        _phoneNumber = [[NSString alloc] init];
        _scoreCard = [[ScoreCard alloc] init];
        _eligible = YES;
    }
    return self;
}

//解码方法
- (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder
{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        _name = [[aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"name"] retain];
        _bio = [[aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"bio"] retain];
        _scoreCard = [[aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"scoreCard"] retain];
        //BOOL类型变量解码
        _eligible = [aDecoder decodeBoolForKey:@"eligible"];
    }
    
    return self;
}

//编码方法
- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder
{
    [aCoder encodeObject:_name forKey:@"name"];
    [aCoder encodeObject:_bio forKey:@"bio"];
    [aCoder encodeObject:_scoreCard forKey:@"scoreCard"];
    //BOOL类型变量归档
    [aCoder encodeBool:_eligible forKey:@"eligible"];
}

- (void)print
{
    NSLog(@"Name: %@\nBio: %@\nTel: %@\n\nBest Time: %@\n\nAll Times:", _name, _bio, _phoneNumber, [_scoreCard bestTime]);
    for (NSString *time in [_scoreCard allTimes]) {
        NSLog(@"%@", time);
    }
}

@end

//
//  Roster.h
//  ArchiverDemo
//
//  Created by swplzj on 13-11-19.
//  Copyright (c) 2013年 swplzj. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@class Athlete;

//遵循归档NSCoding协议
@interface Roster : NSObject<NSCoding>
{
    NSMutableArray *_athletes;
    int _rank;
}

@property (retain) NSMutableArray *athletes;
@property int rank;

- (void)create;
- (void)print;
- (void)addAthlete:(Athlete *)athlete;

@end

//
//  Roster.m
//  ArchiverDemo
//
//  Created by swplzj on 13-11-19.
//  Copyright (c) 2013年 swplzj. All rights reserved.
//

#import "Roster.h"
#import "ScoreCard.h"
#import "Athlete.h"

static NSString *names [] = { @"John Doe",
	@"Jane Doe", @"Shaun White", @"Jeff Beck",
	@"Eric Clapton", @"Angus Young", @"Flavius Josephus" };

@implementation Roster

@synthesize athletes = _athletes, rank = _rank;

- (void)dealloc
{
    [_athletes release];
    
    [super dealloc];
}

- (void)create
{
    NSMutableArray *scoreArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"21:32:21", @"12:48:11", @"16:11:32", nil];
    for(int i = 0; i < 7; ++i){
        Athlete *athlete = [[Athlete alloc] init];
        athlete.name = names[i];
        athlete.bio = @"I'm a boss";
        [athlete setPhoneNumber:@"321-3241"];
        athlete.scoreCard.bestTime = @"12:30:22";
        athlete.scoreCard.allTimes = scoreArray;
        [self addAthlete:athlete];
        [athlete release];
    }
}

- (id)init
{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        _rank = 0;
        _athletes = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
    }
    return self;
}

//解码方法
- (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder
{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        _athletes = [[aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"athletes"] retain];
        //解码int类型变量
        _rank = [aDecoder decodeIntForKey:@"rank"];
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder
{
    [aCoder encodeObject:_athletes forKey:@"athletes"];
    [aCoder encodeInt:_rank forKey:@"rank"];
}

- (void)addAthlete:(Athlete *)athlete
{
    [_athletes addObject:athlete];
}

- (void)print
{
    NSLog(@"Roster info:\nRank: %d", _rank);
    for (Athlete *athlete in _athletes) {
        NSLog(@"%@", [athlete name]);
    }
}

@end

在main函数里面进行归档

//
//  main.m
//  ArchiverDemo
//
//  Created by swplzj on 13-11-19.
//  Copyright (c) 2013年 swplzj. All rights reserved.
//

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
#import "Roster.h"

#define ARCHIVE 0
#define UNARCHIVE 1

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
    //获得根路径
    NSString *homePath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] executablePath];
    //按照“/”分解字符串到数组
    NSArray *strings = [homePath componentsSeparatedByString:@"/"];
    //
    NSString *executbleName = [strings objectAtIndex:[strings count] - 1];
    NSString *baseDirectory = [homePath substringToIndex:[homePath length] - [executbleName length] - 1];
    //文件名字
    NSString *fileName = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/roster.archive", baseDirectory];
    NSLog(@"filePath: %@", fileName);

#if ARCHIVE
    //创建并归档一个roster
    Roster *roster = [[Roster alloc] init];
    [roster create];
    //把对象写到二进制流中去
    [NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:roster toFile:fileName];
    [roster release];
#endif
    
#if UNARCHIVE
    //已经写入到磁盘，直接从二进制流读取对象
    Roster *unarchive = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithFile:fileName];
    [unarchive print];
    for (Athlete *athlete in [unarchive athletes]) {
        [athlete print];
    }
    [unarchive release];
#endif
    
    [pool release];
    
    return 0;
}

运行程序，前往文件夹：

/Users/issuser/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/6.1/Applications/74C8943C-BE5F-4BB7-8385-8E922AF29589/ArchiverDemo.app/roster.archive

归档成功。点击这里下载ArchiverDemo

这就是使用归档来达到数据的持久化。你也来试试吧。