python之列表用法总结

 索引为-1,返回最后一个元素：

bicycles = ["trek", "cannondale", "redline"]
print(bicycles[-1])

修改第一个元素 ：

motorcycles = ["honda", "yamaha", "suzuki"]
motorcycles[0] = 'ducati'

追加元素：

motorcycles = ["honda", "yamaha", "suzuki"]
motorcycles.append("honda")

在列表末尾一次性追加另一个序列中的多个值：

a = [1, 2, 3]
a.extend([4, 5, 6])
print(a) # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

在指定位置插入元素：

motorcycles = ["honda", "yamaha", "suzuki"]
motorcycles.insert(0, "insert")
print(motorcycles) # ['insert', 'honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']

删除指定位置元素：

motorcycles = ["honda", "yamaha", "suzuki"]
del motorcycles[0]
print(motorcycles) # ['yamaha', 'suzuki']

删除最后一个元素：

motorcycles = ["honda", "yamaha", "suzuki"]
popped_motorcycle = motorcycles.pop()
print(motorcycles) # ['honda', 'yamaha']
print(popped_motorcycle) # suzuki

删除第一个honda元素：

motorcycles = ["honda", "yamaha", "suzuki"]
motorcycles.remove("yamaha")
print(motorcycles) # ['honda', 'suzuki']

sort永久排序（list.sort()），以下代码排序输出为['audi', 'bmw', 'subaru', 'toyouta']：

cars = ["bmw", "audi", "toyouta", "subaru"]
cars.sort()

排序相反顺序 reverse=True，以下代码排序输出为['toyouta', 'subaru', 'bmw', 'audi']：

cars = ["bmw", "audi", "toyouta", "subaru"]
cars.sort(reverse=True)

sorted临时排序（sorted(list)）：

cars = ["bmw", "audi", "toyouta", "subaru"]
print(sorted(cars))
print(cars)

逆序 永久修改，以下代码输出为['subaru', 'toyouta', 'audi', 'bmw']：

cars = ["bmw", "audi", "toyouta", "subaru"]
cars.reverse()

列表长度：

print(len(cars))

遍历列表：

magicians = ["alick", "david", "caroline"]
for magician in magicians:
    print(magician)

for val in range(1, 5):
    print(val)

 数字列表，步进：

number = list(range(1, 5))
print(number) # [1, 2, 3, 4]
# 步进2
even_number = list(range(2, 11, 2))
print(even_number) # [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]

**表示乘方运算，输出1~10的平方：

squares = []
for value in range(1, 11):
    square = value**2
    squares.append(square)
print(squares)

最大值、最小值、累加：

digits = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0]
print(min(digits))
print(max(digits))
print(sum(digits))

列表解析。以下示例中，表达式为value**2，它计算平方值，接下来编写一个for循环，用于给表达式提供值，再加上方括号：

squares = [value**2 for value in range(1, 11)]
print(squares)

切片 list[m:n]，可以用切片复制列表，但这是一种浅拷贝：

players = ['aa', 'bb', 'cc', 'dd', 'ee', 'ff', 'gg']
print(players[0:3]) # ['aa', 'bb', 'cc']
print(players[1:4]) # ['bb', 'cc', 'dd']
# 从列表开头开始
print(players[:3]) # ['aa', 'bb', 'cc']
# 切片终止于列表末尾
print(players[4:]) # ['ee', 'ff', 'gg']
# 负数索引返回离列表末尾相应距离的元素
print(players[-3:]) # ['ee', 'ff', 'gg']

for player in players[:3]:
    print(player)

# 复制列表 list[:]
a = [1, 2, [1, 2], 3]
b = a[:]
b[2].append(100)
print(a) # [1, 2, [1, 2, 100], 3]
print(b) # [1, 2, [1, 2, 100], 3]