原理转自:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40711741/article/details/80502476
代码转自:https://blog.csdn.net/u010684134/article/details/69246115?locationNum=11&fps=1
一、原理
1、灰度的线性变换
灰度的线性变换就是将图像中所有的点的灰度按照线性灰度变换函数进行变换。该线性灰度变换函数是一个一维线性函数:f(x)=a*x+b
其中参数a为线性函数的斜率,b为线性函数的在y轴的截距,x表示输入图像的灰度,f(x)表示输出图像的灰度。
要求:输入一幅图像,根据输入的斜率和截距进行线性变换,并显示。
2、灰度拉伸
灰度拉伸和灰度线性变换相似。不同之处在于它是分段线性变换。表达式如下:
其中,x1和x2是分段函数的转折点。
要求:输入一幅图像,根据选择的转折点,进行灰度拉伸,显示变换后的图像。
二、代码(线性变换)
对代码进行分析,函数的最后一个参数clipHistPercent如果为0,那么直接取灰度的最大和最小值,如果不为0,计算累积直方图,然后对直方图做左右截断,再得到灰度最大和最小值。根据最大、最小值做线性拉伸。
/****************************************/
/* 实现自动对比度的函数 */
/* 目前只有前后中通道调用 */
/* 彩色的已经加入到了函数内部 */
/*****************************************/
void BrightnessAndContrastAuto(const cv::Mat &src, cv::Mat &dst, float clipHistPercent)
{
CV_Assert(clipHistPercent >= 0);
CV_Assert((src.type() == CV_8UC1) || (src.type() == CV_8UC3) || (src.type() == CV_8UC4));
int histSize = 256;
float alpha, beta;
double minGray = 0, maxGray = 0;
//to calculate grayscale histogram
cv::Mat gray;
if (src.type() == CV_8UC1) gray = src;
else if (src.type() == CV_8UC3) cvtColor(src, gray, CV_BGR2GRAY);
else if (src.type() == CV_8UC4) cvtColor(src, gray, CV_BGRA2GRAY);
if (clipHistPercent == 0)
{
// keep full available range
cv::minMaxLoc(gray, &minGray, &maxGray);
}
else
{
cv::Mat hist; //the grayscale histogram
float range[] = { 0, 256 };
const float* histRange = { range };
bool uniform = true;
bool accumulate = false;
cv::calcHist(&gray, 1, 0, cv::Mat (), hist, 1, &histSize, &histRange, uniform, accumulate);
// calculate cumulative distribution from the histogram
std::vector<float> accumulator(histSize);
accumulator[0] = hist.at<float>(0);
for (int i = 1; i < histSize; i++)
{
accumulator[i] = accumulator[i - 1] + hist.at<float>(i);
}
// locate points that cuts at required value
float max = accumulator.back();
clipHistPercent *= (max / 100.0); //make percent as absolute
clipHistPercent /= 2.0; // left and right wings
// locate left cut
minGray = 0;
while (accumulator[minGray] < clipHistPercent)
minGray++;
// locate right cut
maxGray = histSize - 1;
while (accumulator[maxGray] >= (max - clipHistPercent))
maxGray--;
}
// current range
float inputRange = maxGray - minGray;
alpha = (histSize - 1) / inputRange; // alpha expands current range to histsize range
beta = -minGray * alpha; // beta shifts current range so that minGray will go to 0
// Apply brightness and contrast normalization
// convertTo operates with saurate_cast
src.convertTo(dst, -1, alpha, beta);
// restore alpha channel from source
if (dst.type() == CV_8UC4)
{
int from_to[] = { 3, 3};
cv::mixChannels(&src, 4, &dst,1, from_to, 1);
}
return;
}