反转链表
package Demo02; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class Code01_ReverseList { public static class Node { public int value; public Node next; public Node(int data) { value = data; } } public static class DoubleNode { public int value; public DoubleNode last; public DoubleNode next; public DoubleNode(int data) { value = data; } } public static Node reverseLinkedList(Node head) { Node pre = null; Node next = null; while (head != null) { next = head.next; head.next = pre;//往前指 pre = head; head = next; } return pre; } public static DoubleNode reverseDoubleList(DoubleNode head) { DoubleNode pre = null; DoubleNode next = null; while (head != null) { next = head.next; head.next = pre;//往前指 head.last = next;//往后指 pre = head; head = next; } return pre; } public static Node testReverseLinkedList(Node head) { if (head == null) { return null; } ArrayList<Node> list = new ArrayList<>(); while (head != null) { list.add(head); head = head.next; } list.get(0).next = null; int N = list.size(); for (int i = 1; i < N; i++) { list.get(i).next = list.get(i - 1); } return list.get(N - 1); } public static DoubleNode testReverseDoubleList(DoubleNode head) { if (head == null) { return null; } ArrayList<DoubleNode> list = new ArrayList<>(); while (head != null) { list.add(head); head = head.next; } list.get(0).next = null; DoubleNode pre = list.get(0); int N = list.size(); for (int i = 1; i < N; i++) { DoubleNode cur = list.get(i); cur.last = null; cur.next = pre; pre.last = cur; pre = cur; } return list.get(N - 1); } // for test public static Node generateRandomLinkedList(int len, int value) { int size = (int) (Math.random() * (len + 1)); if (size == 0) { return null; } size--; Node head = new Node((int) (Math.random() * (value + 1))); Node pre = head; while (size != 0) { Node cur = new Node((int) (Math.random() * (value + 1))); pre.next = cur; pre = cur; size--; } return head; } // for test public static DoubleNode generateRandomDoubleList(int len, int value) { int size = (int) (Math.random() * (len + 1)); if (size == 0) { return null; } size--; DoubleNode head = new DoubleNode((int) (Math.random() * (value + 1))); DoubleNode pre = head; while (size != 0) { DoubleNode cur = new DoubleNode((int) (Math.random() * (value + 1))); pre.next = cur; cur.last = pre; pre = cur; size--; } return head; } // for test public static List<Integer> getLinkedListOriginOrder(Node head) { List<Integer> ans = new ArrayList<>(); while (head != null) { ans.add(head.value); head = head.next; } return ans; } // for test public static boolean checkLinkedListReverse(List<Integer> origin, Node head) { for (int i = origin.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) { if (!origin.get(i).equals(head.value)) { return false; } head = head.next; } return true; } // for test public static List<Integer> getDoubleListOriginOrder(DoubleNode head) { List<Integer> ans = new ArrayList<>(); while (head != null) { ans.add(head.value); head = head.next; } return ans; } // for test public static boolean checkDoubleListReverse(List<Integer> origin, DoubleNode head) { DoubleNode end = null; for (int i = origin.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) { if (!origin.get(i).equals(head.value)) { return false; } end = head; head = head.next; } for (int i = 0; i < origin.size(); i++) { if (!origin.get(i).equals(end.value)) { return false; } end = end.last; } return true; } public static void f(Node head) { head = head.next; } // for test public static void main(String[] args) { int len = 50; int value = 100; int testTime = 100000; System.out.println("test begin!"); for (int i = 0; i < testTime; i++) { Node node1 = generateRandomLinkedList(len, value); List<Integer> list1 = getLinkedListOriginOrder(node1); node1 = reverseLinkedList(node1); if (!checkLinkedListReverse(list1, node1)) { System.out.println("Oops1!"); } Node node2 = generateRandomLinkedList(len, value); List<Integer> list2 = getLinkedListOriginOrder(node2); node2 = testReverseLinkedList(node2); if (!checkLinkedListReverse(list2, node2)) { System.out.println("Oops2!"); } DoubleNode node3 = generateRandomDoubleList(len, value); List<Integer> list3 = getDoubleListOriginOrder(node3); node3 = reverseDoubleList(node3); if (!checkDoubleListReverse(list3, node3)) { System.out.println("Oops3!"); } DoubleNode node4 = generateRandomDoubleList(len, value); List<Integer> list4 = getDoubleListOriginOrder(node4); node4 = reverseDoubleList(node4); if (!checkDoubleListReverse(list4, node4)) { System.out.println("Oops4!"); } } System.out.println("test finish!"); } }
链表删除节点
单向链表删除头结点后,head指向第二个时,即便头结点没有断连(只有1指向2,没有2指向1,2顺着能找到3,4...但找不到1),内存也会释放,C++不行(必须调用释放函数),双向链表则不会(2有指向1,能找到1)
package Demo02; public class Code02_DeleteGivenValue { public static class Node { public int value; public Node next; public Node(int data) { this.value = data; } } public static Node removeValue(Node head, int num) { while (head != null) { if (head.value != num) { break; } head = head.next; } // head来到 第一个不需要删的位置 Node pre = head; Node cur = head; // while (cur != null) { if (cur.value == num) { pre.next = cur.next; } else { pre = cur; } cur = cur.next; } return head; } }
栈和队列
栈:先进后出
队列:先进先出
双向链表实现
package Demo02; import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.Queue; import java.util.Stack; public class Code03_DoubleEndsQueueToStackAndQueue { public static class Node<T> { public T value; public Node<T> last; public Node<T> next; public Node(T data) { value = data; } } public static class DoubleEndsQueue<T> { public Node<T> head; public Node<T> tail; public void addFromHead(T value) {//头部加节点 Node<T> cur = new Node<T>(value); if (head == null) { head = cur; tail = cur; } else { cur.next = head; head.last = cur; head = cur; } } public void addFromBottom(T value) {//尾部加节点 Node<T> cur = new Node<T>(value); if (head == null) { head = cur; tail = cur; } else { cur.last = tail; tail.next = cur; tail = cur; } } public T popFromHead() {//头部弹出节点 if (head == null) { return null; } Node<T> cur = head; if (head == tail) { head = null; tail = null; } else { head = head.next; cur.next = null; head.last = null; } return cur.value; } public T popFromBottom() {//尾部弹出节点 if (head == null) { return null; } Node<T> cur = tail; if (head == tail) { head = null; tail = null; } else { tail = tail.last; tail.next = null; cur.last = null; } return cur.value; } public boolean isEmpty() { return head == null; } } public static class MyStack<T> {//栈 private DoubleEndsQueue<T> queue; public MyStack() { queue = new DoubleEndsQueue<T>(); } public void push(T value) { queue.addFromHead(value); }//头部压入 public T pop() { return queue.popFromHead(); }//头部弹出 public boolean isEmpty() { return queue.isEmpty(); } } public static class MyQueue<T> {//队列 private DoubleEndsQueue<T> queue; public MyQueue() { queue = new DoubleEndsQueue<T>(); } public void push(T value) { queue.addFromHead(value); }//头部压入 public T poll() { return queue.popFromBottom(); }//尾部弹出 public boolean isEmpty() { return queue.isEmpty(); } } public static boolean isEqual(Integer o1, Integer o2) { if (o1 == null && o2 != null) { return false; } if (o1 != null && o2 == null) { return false; } if (o1 == null && o2 == null) { return true; } return o1.equals(o2); } public static void main(String[] args) { int oneTestDataNum = 100; int value = 10000; int testTimes = 100000; for (int i = 0; i < testTimes; i++) { MyStack<Integer> myStack = new MyStack<>(); MyQueue<Integer> myQueue = new MyQueue<>(); Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack<>(); Queue<Integer> queue = new LinkedList<>(); for (int j = 0; j < oneTestDataNum; j++) { int nums = (int) (Math.random() * value); if (stack.isEmpty()) { myStack.push(nums); stack.push(nums); } else { if (Math.random() < 0.5) { myStack.push(nums); stack.push(nums); } else { if (!isEqual(myStack.pop(), stack.pop())) { System.out.println("oops!"); } } } int numq = (int) (Math.random() * value); if (stack.isEmpty()) { myQueue.push(numq); queue.offer(numq); } else { if (Math.random() < 0.5) { myQueue.push(numq); queue.offer(numq); } else { if (!isEqual(myQueue.poll(), queue.poll())) { System.out.println("oops!"); } } } } } System.out.println("finish!"); } }
数组实现(固定大小)
栈容易实现
package Demo02; public class Code04_RingArray { public static class MyQueue { private int[] arr; private int pushi; private int polli; private int size; private final int limit; public MyQueue(int limit) { arr = new int[limit]; pushi = 0; polli = 0; size = 0; this.limit = limit; } public void push(int value) { if (size == limit) { throw new RuntimeException("栈满了,不能再加了"); } size++; arr[pushi] = value; pushi = nextIndex(pushi); } public int pop() { if (size == 0) { throw new RuntimeException("栈空了,不能再拿了"); } size--; int ans = arr[polli]; polli = nextIndex(polli); return ans; } public boolean isEmpty() { return size == 0; } // 如果现在的下标是i,返回下一个位置 private int nextIndex(int i) { return i < limit - 1 ? i + 1 : 0; } } }
在实现基本功能基础上再实现返回栈中最小元素
pop push getMin时间复杂度都是O(1)
package Demo02; import java.util.Stack; public class Code05_GetMinStack { public static class MyStack1 { private Stack<Integer> stackData; private Stack<Integer> stackMin; public MyStack1() { this.stackData = new Stack<Integer>(); this.stackMin = new Stack<Integer>(); } public void push(int newNum) { if (this.stackMin.isEmpty()) { this.stackMin.push(newNum); } else if (newNum <= this.getmin()) {//当前数小于等于最小栈栈顶,压入,否则不压入 this.stackMin.push(newNum); } this.stackData.push(newNum); } public int pop() { if (this.stackData.isEmpty()) { throw new RuntimeException("Your stack is empty."); } int value = this.stackData.pop(); if (value == this.getmin()) { this.stackMin.pop(); } return value; } public int getmin() { if (this.stackMin.isEmpty()) { throw new RuntimeException("Your stack is empty."); } return this.stackMin.peek(); } } public static class MyStack2 { private Stack<Integer> stackData; private Stack<Integer> stackMin; public MyStack2() { this.stackData = new Stack<Integer>(); this.stackMin = new Stack<Integer>(); } public void push(int newNum) { if (this.stackMin.isEmpty()) { this.stackMin.push(newNum); } else if (newNum < this.getmin()) {//当前的数小于最小栈的栈顶 this.stackMin.push(newNum);//最小栈压入当前数 } else { int newMin = this.stackMin.peek();//否则最小栈重复压入栈顶 this.stackMin.push(newMin); } this.stackData.push(newNum);//Data栈正常压入 } public int pop() { if (this.stackData.isEmpty()) { throw new RuntimeException("Your stack is empty."); } this.stackMin.pop();//弹出最小数 return this.stackData.pop();//同步弹出Data栈顶 } public int getmin() { if (this.stackMin.isEmpty()) { throw new RuntimeException("Your stack is empty."); } return this.stackMin.peek(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { MyStack1 stack1 = new MyStack1(); stack1.push(3); System.out.println(stack1.getmin()); stack1.push(4); System.out.println(stack1.getmin()); stack1.push(1); System.out.println(stack1.getmin()); System.out.println(stack1.pop()); System.out.println(stack1.getmin()); System.out.println("============="); MyStack1 stack2 = new MyStack1(); stack2.push(3); System.out.println(stack2.getmin()); stack2.push(4); System.out.println(stack2.getmin()); stack2.push(1); System.out.println(stack2.getmin()); System.out.println(stack2.pop()); System.out.println(stack2.getmin()); } }
两个栈实现队列
package Demo02; import java.util.Stack; public class Code06_TwoStacksImplementQueue { public static class TwoStacksQueue { public Stack<Integer> stackPush; public Stack<Integer> stackPop; public TwoStacksQueue() { stackPush = new Stack<Integer>(); stackPop = new Stack<Integer>(); } // push栈向pop栈倒入数据 private void pushToPop() { if (stackPop.empty()) {//原则1 必须POP栈为空的时候 while (!stackPush.empty()) {//原则2 Push栈一定要倒空才能停 stackPop.push(stackPush.pop());//一个进一个出 } } } public void add(int pushInt) { stackPush.push(pushInt); pushToPop();//先看看能不能导,不妨碍 } public int poll() { if (stackPop.empty() && stackPush.empty()) { throw new RuntimeException("Queue is empty!"); } pushToPop();//先看看能不能导,不妨碍 return stackPop.pop(); } public int peek() { if (stackPop.empty() && stackPush.empty()) { throw new RuntimeException("Queue is empty!"); } pushToPop();//先看看能不能导,不妨碍 return stackPop.peek(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { TwoStacksQueue test = new TwoStacksQueue(); test.add(1); test.add(2); test.add(3); System.out.println(test.peek()); System.out.println(test.poll()); System.out.println(test.peek()); System.out.println(test.poll()); System.out.println(test.peek()); System.out.println(test.poll()); } }
两个队列实现栈
package Demo02; import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.Queue; import java.util.Stack; public class Code07_TwoQueueImplementStack { public static class TwoQueueStack<T> { public Queue<T> queue; public Queue<T> help; public TwoQueueStack() { queue = new LinkedList<>(); help = new LinkedList<>(); } public void push(T value) { queue.offer(value); } public T poll() { while (queue.size() > 1) { help.offer(queue.poll()); } T ans = queue.poll(); Queue<T> tmp = queue; queue = help; help = tmp; return ans; } public T peek() { while (queue.size() > 1) { help.offer(queue.poll()); } T ans = queue.poll(); help.offer(ans); Queue<T> tmp = queue; queue = help; help = tmp; return ans; } public boolean isEmpty() { return queue.isEmpty(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("test begin"); TwoQueueStack<Integer> myStack = new TwoQueueStack<>(); Stack<Integer> test = new Stack<>(); int testTime = 1000000; int max = 1000000; for (int i = 0; i < testTime; i++) { if (myStack.isEmpty()) { if (!test.isEmpty()) { System.out.println("Oops"); } int num = (int) (Math.random() * max); myStack.push(num); test.push(num); } else { if (Math.random() < 0.25) { int num = (int) (Math.random() * max); myStack.push(num); test.push(num); } else if (Math.random() < 0.5) { if (!myStack.peek().equals(test.peek())) { System.out.println("Oops"); } } else if (Math.random() < 0.75) { if (!myStack.poll().equals(test.pop())) { System.out.println("Oops"); } } else { if (myStack.isEmpty() != test.isEmpty()) { System.out.println("Oops"); } } } } System.out.println("test finish!"); } }
递归求最大值
复杂度:T(N)=a*T(N/b)+O(N^d)
a子函数个数 b几分 d剩下行为复杂度因子
1.log b a >d O(N^log b a)
2.log b a <d O(N^d) 常见a=b O(1)
3.log b a =d O(N^d *log N)
package Demo02; public class Code08_GetMax { // 求arr中的最大值 public static int getMax(int[] arr) { return process(arr, 0, arr.length - 1); } // arr[L..R]范围上求最大值 L ... R N public static int process(int[] arr, int L, int R) { if (L == R) { // arr[L..R]范围上只有一个数,直接返回,base case return arr[L]; } int mid = L + ((R - L) >> 1); // 中点 1 int leftMax = process(arr, L, mid); int rightMax = process(arr, mid + 1, R); return Math.max(leftMax, rightMax); } }
哈希表
package Demo02; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.TreeMap; public class HashMapAndSortedMap { public static class Node{ public int value; public Node(int v) { value = v; } } public static void main(String[] args) { // UnSortedMap C++里的哈希表 HashMap<Integer, String> map = new HashMap<>();//K-V map.put(1000000, "我是1000000"); map.put(2, "我是2"); map.put(3, "我是3"); map.put(4, "我是4"); map.put(5, "我是5"); map.put(6, "我是6"); map.put(1000000, "我是1000001"); System.out.println(map.containsKey(1));//有无加入1的记录 System.out.println(map.containsKey(10)); System.out.println(map.get(4));//查Value System.out.println(map.get(10));//无记录返回null map.put(4, "他是4");//更新V System.out.println(map.get(4)); map.remove(4);//除去 System.out.println(map.get(4));//null // key HashSet<String> set = new HashSet<>(); set.add("abc"); set.contains("abc");//是否存在 set.remove("abc"); // 哈希表,增、删、改、查,在使用时,复杂度O(1) System.out.println("====================="); int a = 100000; int b = 100000; System.out.println(a == b); Integer c = 100000; Integer d = 100000; System.out.println(c.equals(d));//==引用传递 equal比较值 Integer e = 127; // - 128 ~ 127 此范围内是值传递 Integer f = 127; System.out.println(e == f); //哈西表里一律值传递 HashMap<Node, String> map2 = new HashMap<>(); Node node1 = new Node(1); Node node2 = node1; map2.put(node1, "我是node1"); map2.put(node2, "我是node1"); System.out.println(map2.size());//1 非基础类型K 引用传递 System.out.println("======================"); //有序表(按序组织) TreeMap<Integer, String> treeMap = new TreeMap<>(); treeMap.put(3, "我是3"); treeMap.put(4, "我是4"); treeMap.put(8, "我是8"); treeMap.put(5, "我是5"); treeMap.put(7, "我是7"); treeMap.put(1, "我是1"); treeMap.put(2, "我是2"); System.out.println(treeMap.containsKey(1)); System.out.println(treeMap.containsKey(10)); System.out.println(treeMap.get(4)); System.out.println(treeMap.get(10)); treeMap.put(4, "他是4"); System.out.println(treeMap.get(4)); treeMap.remove(4); System.out.println(treeMap.get(4)); System.out.println(treeMap.firstKey());//最小的K System.out.println(treeMap.lastKey()); // <= 4 System.out.println(treeMap.floorKey(4));//<=4 离4最近的K // >= 4 System.out.println(treeMap.ceilingKey(4));//>=4 离4最近的K // O(logN) } }