Runtime的入门与应用之七-归档与解档_运用 runtime 进行模型的归解档-CSDN博客

如果你实现过自定义模型数据持久化的过程，那么你也肯定明白，如果一个模型有许多个属性，那么我们需要对每个属性都实现一遍encodeObject 和decodeObjectForKey方法，如果这样的模型又有很多个，这还真的是一个十分麻烦的事情。下面来看看简单的实现方式。

假设现在有一个Movie类，有3个属性，它的h文件这这样的

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

//1. 如果想要当前类可以实现归档与反归档，需要遵守一个协议NSCoding
@interface Movie : NSObject<NSCoding>

@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *movieId;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *movieName;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *pic_url;

@end
 
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如果是正常写法， m文件应该是这样的：

#import "Movie.h"
@implementation Movie

- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder
{
    [aCoder encodeObject:_movieId forKey:@"id"];
    [aCoder encodeObject:_movieName forKey:@"name"];
    [aCoder encodeObject:_pic_url forKey:@"url"];

}

- (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder
{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        self.movieId = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"id"];
        self.movieName = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"name"];
        self.pic_url = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"url"];
    }
    return self;
}
@end
 
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如果这里有100个属性，那么我们也只能把100个属性都给写一遍。

不过你会使用runtime后，这里就有更简便的方法。

下面看看runtime的实现方式：

#import "Movie.h"
#import <objc/runtime.h>
@implementation Movie

- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)encoder

{
    unsigned int count = 0;
    Ivar *ivars = class_copyIvarList([Movie class], &count);

    for (int i = 0; i<count; i++) {
        // 取出i位置对应的成员变量
        Ivar ivar = ivars[i];
        // 查看成员变量
        const char *name = ivar_getName(ivar);
        // 归档
        NSString *key = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:name];
        id value = [self valueForKey:key];
        [encoder encodeObject:value forKey:key];
    }
    free(ivars);
}

- (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)decoder
{
    if (self = [super init]) {
        unsigned int count = 0;
        Ivar *ivars = class_copyIvarList([Movie class], &count);
        for (int i = 0; i<count; i++) {
        // 取出i位置对应的成员变量
        Ivar ivar = ivars[i];
        // 查看成员变量
        const char *name = ivar_getName(ivar);
       // 归档
       NSString *key = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:name];
      id value = [decoder decodeObjectForKey:key];
       // 设置到成员变量身上
        [self setValue:value forKey:key];

        }
        free(ivars);
    } 
    return self;
}
@end
 
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这样的方式实现，不管有多少个属性，写这几行代码就搞定了。怎么，还嫌麻烦，下面看看更加简便的方法：两句代码搞定。

我们把encodeWithCoder 和 initWithCoder这两个方法抽成宏

#import "Movie.h"
#import <objc/runtime.h>

#define encodeRuntime(A) \
\
unsigned int count = 0;\
Ivar *ivars = class_copyIvarList([A class], &count);\
for (int i = 0; i<count; i++) {\
Ivar ivar = ivars[i];\
const char *name = ivar_getName(ivar);\
NSString *key = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:name];\
id value = [self valueForKey:key];\
[encoder encodeObject:value forKey:key];\
}\
free(ivars);\
\

#define initCoderRuntime(A) \
\
if (self = [super init]) {\
unsigned int count = 0;\
Ivar *ivars = class_copyIvarList([A class], &count);\
for (int i = 0; i<count; i++) {\
Ivar ivar = ivars[i];\
const char *name = ivar_getName(ivar);\
NSString *key = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:name];\
id value = [decoder decodeObjectForKey:key];\
[self setValue:value forKey:key];\
}\
free(ivars);\
}\
return self;\
\

@implementation Movie

- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)encoder

{
    encodeRuntime(Movie)
}

- (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)decoder
{
    initCoderRuntime(Movie)
}
@end
 
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