关于DataGrid模板列的文章

Introduction

This article explains how to build some special user controls for DataGrid columns on a Windows application. The special controls are: DataGrid ComboBox, DateTimePicker and Button columns. In a DataGrid, a column style is an object that defines what the column looks and behaves like, including such things as color, font, and the presence of controls that will handle linked field in a database with the use of a ComboBox, a CheckBox and other controls. The .NET Framework includes two types of column-style classes by default: the DataGridTextBoxColumn and DataGridBoolColumn classes. A quantity of jobs you may want to achieve with the Windows Forms DataGrid control are, unexpectedly, more troublesome than you might expect. Principally, this is because the Windows Forms DataGrid control is column-based, rather than cell-based. As a result, to attain most tasks, you have to work with the columns, not the cells themselves. Hence the need to create our own set of DataGridColumnStyle objects that define custom column styles for the Windows Forms DataGrid control and add them to the GridColumnStylesCollection. Below is an explanation of how those three user controls might be useful:

DataGrid ComboBox Column Style

Suppose you have a database as shown below:

Student Id Name

Book StudentId BookName DateTime

You have "StudentId", a foreign key to the "Id" field in "Student" table, and another field "BookName". Now, suppose you want to display the data of "Book" on a DataGrid, and don't want to display "StudentId" as integer. In addition, you need to display the name, but any editing would update the "StudentId" field. The first solution would be to create two DataTables with parent-child relation, and write many instructions to display the wanted fields correctly, and update the table as needed. This needs a lot of instructions and design. Another solution would be to use a combo box, with data source as the "Student" table, display member as "Name", and value member as "Id". And any edits would display the new name, but update the "StudentId" field. Using the DataGridComboBoxColumn class is easy to do that, and is added as a column to the DataGrid easily.

DataGrid DateTimePicker Column Style

Let's take the same database example as above. In the table "Book", there's a field "DateTime" with date information. Suppose you want to edit this field in the DataGrid directly. One way is to write the date, in the right format, in the text box column of the DataGrid. This could cause errors if you mistyped the date, or in a different format. Another solution would be to use a DateTimePicker control, and just choose the exact date from the control. Using the DataGridTimePickerColumn allows you to achieve that easily.

DataGrid Button Column Style

You are viewing all rows in the DataGrid. Now, suppose you want to delete a row from the DataSet. A simple way would be to click on a button on this row, and an event is fired to delete the row, then refresh the DataSet. This can be easily done using DataGridButtonColumn.

Using the code

DataGridComboBoxColumn

This class builds the ComboBox column user control for DataGrids for Windows applications. It inherits from DataGridTextBoxColumn, since this is already an available control in the .NET Framework. What needs to be modified, depending on the application, is the Leave event.

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private void comboBox_Leave(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
DataRowView rowView = (DataRowView) this.comboBox.SelectedItem;
string s=null;
//in case the selected value is null.
try
{
if(!rowView.Row[this.comboBox.DisplayMember].GetType().
FullName.Equals("System.DBNull"))
s = (string) rowView.Row[this.comboBox.DisplayMember];
else
s="";
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
//s="";
}
SetColumnValueAtRow(this.cmanager, this.iCurrentRow, s);
Invalidate();
this.comboBox.Hide();
this.DataGridTableStyle.DataGrid.Scroll -=
new EventHandler(DataGrid_Scroll);
}

Notice that the case where the selected value is null should be handled. Null values generate System.DBNull as output. This has to be converted to an empty string.

To use this class, simply add it to the project, construct an instance, and use its properties. This is a sample usage:

RamiSaad.DataGridComboBoxColumn comboboxColStyle =
new RamiSaad.DataGridComboBoxColumn();
comboboxColStyle.ComboBox.DataSource=_dataSet.Tables["Student"];
comboboxColStyle.ComboBox.DisplayMember =
_dataSet.Tables["Student"].Columns["Name"].ColumnName;;
comboboxColStyle.ComboBox.ValueMember =
_dataSet.Tables["Student"].Columns["Id"].ColumnName;
comboboxColStyle.HeaderText =  "Student Id";
comboboxColStyle.MappingName =  _dataSet.Tables["Book"].Columns[i].ColumnName;
tableStyle.GridColumnStyles.Add(comboboxColStyle);

 

Note: You must set the properties and DataSource of the ComboBox property of the user control first before setting its header text and mapping name of the column style.

 

DataGridTimePickerColumn

This class builds the DateTimePicker column user control for DataGrids for Windows applications. It inherits from DataGridTextBoxColumn, since this is already an available control in the .NET Framework.

This is a sample usage:

RamiSaad.DataGridTimePickerColumn timepickerColStyle =
new RamiSaad.DataGridTimePickerColumn();
timepickerColStyle.HeaderText =  "Date";
timepickerColStyle.MappingName =
_dataSet.Tables["Book"].Columns[i].ColumnName;
timepickerColStyle.Width=145;
tableStyle.GridColumnStyles.Add(timepickerColStyle);

DataGridButtonColumn

This class builds the Button column user control for DataGrids for Windows application. It inherits from DataGridTextBoxColumn, since this is already an available control in the .NET Framework. To use this class, simply add it to the project, construct an instance, and use its properties.

Images of the button and button-pressed are attached with the class as well. You can add images to the solution, and choose "embedded resource" as build action in their properties. Then, in the class constructor, you must specify the location of the images in the assembly's resources:

try
{
char[] c={','};
System.IO.Stream strm = this.GetType().Assembly.GetManifestResourceStream(
this.GetType().Assembly.ToString().Split(c,10)[0]+".button.bmp");
_button = new Bitmap(strm);
strm = this.GetType().Assembly.GetManifestResourceStream(
this.GetType().Assembly.ToString().Split(c,10)[0]+".buttonpressed.bmp");
_buttonPressed = new Bitmap(strm);
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}

This class uses handles, thus the constructor includes column number in its parameter. You must specify the DataGrid's column number in which the button control will be inserted:

RamiSaad.DataGridButtonColumn buttonColStyle =
new RamiSaad.DataGridButtonColumn(i); //pass the column#

A button click event argument class is inserted in the same control's class. This is useful to manage the messages or actions when the button is clicked:

public delegate void DataGridCellButtonClickEventHandler(object sender,
DataGridCellButtonClickEventArgs e);
public class DataGridCellButtonClickEventArgs : EventArgs
{
private int _row;
private int _col;
public DataGridCellButtonClickEventArgs(int row, int col)
{
_row = row;
_col = col;
}
public int RowIndex    {get{return _row;}}
public int ColIndex    {get{return _col;}}
}

Note: You must define the button click event handler DataGridCellButtonClickEventHandler. This will be called from the form itself which calls the DataGrid.

Here is a sample on how to use this class from the DataGrid's form:

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{
buttonColStyle = new RamiSaad.DataGridButtonColumn(i); //pass the column#
buttonColStyle.HeaderText =  "Delete";
buttonColStyle.MappingName =  _dataSet.Tables["Book"].Columns[i].ColumnName;
//hookup our cellbutton handler...
buttonColStyle.CellButtonClicked +=
new RamiSaad.DataGridCellButtonClickEventHandler(HandleCellButtonClick);
tableStyle.GridColumnStyles.Add(buttonColStyle);
//hook the mouse handlers
dataGrid1.MouseDown += new MouseEventHandler(buttonColStyle.HandleMouseDown);
dataGrid1.MouseUp += new MouseEventHandler(buttonColStyle.HandleMouseUp);
}
///
///
///
// handler for a click on one of the gridcell buttons
private void HandleCellButtonClick(object sender, DataGridCellButtonClickEventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show("row " + e.RowIndex.ToString() +  " will be deleted.");
}

Note: The handler for a button click is inserted in the DataGrid's form itself. Also, you must hook the mouse handlers to the button column style.

That's all. The user controls' classes are easy to use, as explained above. Hopefully, more user controls will be added later. Please let me know of any feedback or comment on this article or code.