网络编程
1.1概述
地球村:
信件:
计算机网络:
计算机网络是指将==地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来==,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及==网络通信协议==的管理和协调下,==实现资源共享==和信息传递的计算机系统。
网络编程的目的:
无线电台…传播交流信息,数据交换。通信
想要达到这个效果需要什么:
1.如何准确的定位网络的一台主机 192.168.0.103:端口,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
2.找到了这个主机,如何传输数据呢?
javaWeb:网络编程 B/S
网络编程: TCP/IP C/S
1.2 网络通信要素
如何实现网络的通信?
通信双方的地址:
-
ip
-
端口号
规则:网络通信的协议
TCP/IP参考模型
小结:
- 网络编程中有两个只要问题
- 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机
- 找到主机之后如何进行通信
- 网络编程中的要素
- IP和端口号 IP,
- 网络通信协议 UDP ,TCP
- 万物皆对象
1.3 IP
IP地址:InetAddress
-
唯一定位一台网络上计算机
-
127.0.0.1 :本机localhost
-
IP地址的分类
-
ipv4/ipv6
- IPV4 127.0.0.1 4个字节组成,0-255,42亿~;30亿在北美,亚洲4亿。2011年就用尽了;
- IPV6 :128位。8个无符号整数
-
公网(互联网)——私网(局域网)
- ABCD类地址
- 192.168.xx.x,专门给组织内部使用的
-
-
域名:记忆IP问题
- IP:
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本地地址
InetAddress byName = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
InetAddress localHost = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(localHost);
System.out.println(byName);
//查询网址IP地址
InetAddress byName2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(byName2);
System.out.println("====================");
//常用方法
//System.out.println(byName2.getAddress());
System.out.println(byName2.getCanonicalHostName());
System.out.println(byName2.getHostAddress());
System.out.println(byName2.getHostName());
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
1.4、端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程:
-
不同的进程有不停的端口号!用来区分软件
-
被规定0-65535
-
TCP,UDP:65535*2 tcp:80,单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
-
端口分类
- 公用端口0-1023
- HTTP:80
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21
- Telent:23
- 程序注册端口:1024-49151,分配用户或者程序
- Tomcat:8080
- MySql:3306
- Orcle:1521
- 动态、私有:49152-65535
netstat -ano #查看所有端口 netstat -anp|findstr "5900" #查看指定的端口
public static void main(String[] args) { InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080); InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost",8080); System.out.println(socketAddress); System.out.println(socketAddress2); System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress()); System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName()); System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort()); }
- 公用端口0-1023
1.5、通信协议
协议:约定,就好比我们现在说的普通话
网络通信协议 :速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制…
问题:非常复杂?
大事化小:分层
TCP/IP协议簇
重要:
- TCP:用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据报协议
出名的协议
- TCP
- IP:用户互联协议
TCP UDP对比
TCP:打电话
-
连接,稳定
-
三次握手
,四次挥手
最少需要三次 A:你瞅啥? B:瞅你咋地? A:干一场! A:我要走了 B:你真的要走了吗 B:你真的真的断开了么 A:我真的要走了
-
客服端、服务端
-
传输完成,释放连接,效率低
UDP:发短信
- 不连接、不稳定
- 客服端、服务端:没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
- DDOS:洪水攻击
1.6、TCP
客服端
- 连接服务器Socket
- 发送消息
//客服端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream outputStream = null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器地址,端口号
InetAddress byName = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port =9999;
//2、创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(byName,port);
outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
outputStream.write("你好".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (outputStream!=null)
{
try {
outputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null)
{
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务器
- 建立服务的端口ServerSocket
- 等待用户的连接accept
- 接受用户的消息
//服务端
public class TcoSerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket =null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is =null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos=null;
try {
//1.我有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
while (true){
//2、等待客服端连接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客服端信息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (baos!=null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is!=null)
{
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null)
{
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket!=null)
{
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
服务器:
package wlbc;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcoSerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1、创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2、监听客服端的连接
Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客服端连接
//3、获取输入流
InputStream is = accept.getInputStream();
//4、文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客服端我接收完毕了
OutputStream os = accept.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接收完毕了".getBytes());
//5、关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
accept.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
客服端:
package wlbc;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1、创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
//2、创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3、读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("1.jpg"));
//4、写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1)
{
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了
//确定服务器接收完毕,才能断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//string byte[]
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2=inputStream.read(bytes))!=-1)
{
baos.write(bytes,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5、关闭资源
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
Tomcat
服务端
- 自定义 S
- Tomcat服务器 S
客服端
- 自定义 C
- 浏览器 B
1.7、UDP
发短信:不用连接,需要知道对方的地址
发消息
发送端:
package day03;
import java.net.*;
//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1、建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2、建立一个包
String msg = "你好,服务器";
//发送对象
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
//参数:1、数据,2、数据的起始长度,发送对象。
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
//3、发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4、关闭资源
socket.close();
}
}
接受端:
package day03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
//还是要等待客服端的连接
public class UdpServeDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接受数据包
byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接受
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
循环发送消息
package day03;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.*;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据,控制台读取System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true)
{
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
socket.send(packet);
if ("bye".equals(data))
{
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package day03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
//准备接受数据
while (true)
{
byte[] container=new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接受包裹
//断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if ("bye".equals(receiveData))
{
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
在线咨询:两个人都可以是发送方,都可以是接受方
send:
package chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIp;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIp, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIp = toIp;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true)
{
String data = null;
try {
data = reader.readLine();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIp,this.toPort));
try {
socket.send(packet);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if ("bye".equals(data))
{
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
receive:
package chat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom =msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
//准备接受数据
while (true)
{
byte[] container=new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
try {
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接受包裹
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiveData);
if ("bye".equals(receiveData))
{
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
测试:
package chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
package chat;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
1.8、URL
https://www.baidu.com/
概念:同一资源定位符,定位互联网上的某一资源
DNS域名解析 https://www.baidu.com/
协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
测试下载资源:
package Day04;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1、下载地址
URL url = new URL("https://m801.music.126.net/20210110152217/024a0d010e474542d3b0a0eca4b794bb/jdyyaac/obj/w5rDlsOJwrLDjj7CmsOj/5640428920/e99c/9015/2057/d7fa4163b75631c062223dbe42b76218.m4a");
//2、连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("f.m4a");
byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);//写出数据
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}