Python 基础 - 文件的操作

1.默认方法（需手动关闭）

# 打开后要自己关闭
heine = open('heine.txt')
poem = heine.read()
print(poem)
print(heine.closed)         #获取是否关闭
heine.close()               #只能手动进行关闭
print(heine.closed)

2.open使用后自动关闭

# 打开后会自动关闭  as后面是自定义的参数名字
# mode的参数类型有以下几种 默认为'r'
# 'a' - append, 'w' - write, 'r' - read,  'r+'读写操作覆盖,'w+','a+'
with open("heine.txt", mode='w') as heine:
    heine.write("Write SomeThing\n")

with open("heine.txt", mode='r') as heine:
    print(heine.read())

# 注意进行读或写操作时，指针将从读写操作结束时的下标开始
# .tell()告诉此时的下标位置  .seek将下标从0开始，（回归于0） .read(可带数字，代表一次读取多少位)
# readlines()获取的是一个List readline获取一行，下标从下一行开始，可以用seek归零
with open("heine.txt", mode='r+') as heine:
    print(heine.tell())
    heine.write("Write\n")
    print(heine.tell())
    print(heine.read())
    heine.seek(0)
    print(heine.read())

with open("heine.txt") as h:
    for line in h:
        print(line, end='')
    f_content = h.read()
    print(f_content)

    h.seek(0)

    f_list = h.readlines()
    print(type(f_list))
    print(f_list)

    h.seek(0)
    f_line = h.readline()
    print(f_line)

    h.seek(0)

    f_numberOf = h.read(10)
    print(f_numberOf)

# 中文文本需要加入encoding
with open("heine.txt", mode= 'w',encoding="utf-8") as f:
    f.write("我是一只小毛驴，一只小毛驴")

with open("heine.txt", mode= 'r',encoding="utf-8") as f:
    print(f.read())


# 打开二进制文件
# mode 用"rb" 二进制文件后面加入b
# 路径可以为图片或者音频
with open("cat.jpg", "rb") as r_image:
    with open("cat_copy.jpg", "wb") as w_image:
        chunk_size = 4096                           #4k的大小
        r_image_chunk = r_image.read(chunk_size)
        while len(r_image_chunk) > 0:
            w_image.write(r_image_chunk)
            r_image_chunk = r_image.read(chunk_size)