ssoj2092: 交通 (traffic)

时间限制: 2 Sec 内存限制: 128 MB O2
提交: 93 解决: 30
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题目描述
The center of Gdynia is located on an island in the middle of the Kacza river. Every morning thousands of cars drive through this island from the residential districts on the western bank of the river (using bridge connections to junctions on the western side of the island) to the industrial areas on the eastern bank (using bridge connections from junctions on the eastern side of the island).

The island resembles a rectangle, whose sides are parallel to the cardinal directions. Hence, we view it as an A × B rectangle in a Cartesian coordinate system, whose opposite corners are in points (0, 0) and (A,B). On the island, there are n junctions numbered from 1 to n. The junction number i has coordinates (xi, yi). If a junction has coordinates of the form (0, y), it lies on the western side of the island. Similarly, junctions with the coordinates (A, y) lie on the eastern side. Junctions are connected by streets. Each street is a line segment connecting two junctions. Streets can be either unidirectional or bidirectional. No two streets may have a common point (except for, possibly, a common end in a junction). There are are no bridges or tunnels. You should not assume anything else about the shape of the road network. In particular, there can be streets going along the river bank or junctions with no incoming or outgoing streets. Because of the growing traffic density, the city mayor has hired you to check whether the current road network on the island is sufficient.

He asked you to write a program which determines how many junctions on the eastern side of the island are reachable from each junction on the western side.

格丁尼亚的中心位于Kacza河中的一座岛屿。每天清晨，成千上万辆汽车通过岛屿从西岸的住宅区 （由桥连接岛的西部）到东岸的工业区（由桥连接岛的东部）。

该岛类似于矩形，它的边平行于主方向。故可将它看作是笛卡尔坐标系中的一个A*B的矩形，它的对角分别为（0, 0）和（A, B）。 岛上有n个交通节点，编号为1…n（junction, 此处可理解为广义的路口），第i个节点坐标为(xi, yi)。 如果一个节点的坐标为(0, y)，它就位于岛的西岸。类似的，坐标为(A, y)的节点位于岛的东岸。 各个节点由街道连接，每条街道用线段连接两个节点。街道有单向行驶或双向行驶之分。除端点外任意两条街道都没有公共点。也没有桥梁或者隧道。 你不能对道路网络形状做任何其他假设。沿河岸的街道或节点可能没有入口或者出口街道。

由于交通堵塞日趋严重，市长聘请你测试岛上当前的道路网是否足够。要求你写一个程序确定从岛的西岸的每个节点能够到达东岸的多少个节点。

输入
The first line of the standard input contains four integers n, m, A and B (1 <= n <= 300 000, 0 <= m <= 900 000, 1 <= A,B <= 10^9). They denote the number of junctions in the center of Gdynia, the number of streets and dimensions of the island, respectively. In each of the following n lines there are two integers xi, yi (0 <= xi <= A, 0 <= yi <= B) describing the coordinates of the junction number i. No two junctions can have the same coordinates. The next m lines describe the streets. Each street is represented in a single line by three integers ci, di, ki (1 <= ci, di <= n, ci ≠ di, ki ∈ {1, 2}). Their meaning is that junctions ci and di are connected with a street. If ki = 1, then this is a unidirectional street from ci to di. Otherwise, the street can be driven in both directions. Each unordered pair {ci, di} can appear in the input at most once. You can assume that there is at least one junction on the western side of the island from which it is possible to reach some junction on the eastern side of the island. Additionally, in test cases worth at least 30 points, n,m <= 6 000.

第1行包含4个整数n, m, A, B(1≤n≤300000, 0≤m≤900000,1≤A,B≤10^9)，分别表示格丁尼亚市中心的节点数，街道数和岛屿的尺寸。

接下来的n行，每行包含两个整数xi，yi (0≤xi≤A,0≤yi≤B)，表示第i个节点的坐标。任意两个节点的坐标都不相同。

再往下的m行表示街道，每条街道用3个整数ci, di, ki（1≤ci, di≤n, ci≠di, ki∈{1,2}），表示节点ci、di有街道连接。如果ki=1,表示从ci到di的街道是单向的，否则，这条街道可以双向行驶。

每个无序对{ci, di}最多出现1次。

你可以假设西岸节点中至少有1个能够到达东岸的一些节点。

至少有30分的测试数据，n, m≤6000。

输出
Your program should write to the standard output one line for each junction on the western side of the island. This line should contain the number of junctions on the eastern side that are reachable from that junction. The output should be ordered according to decreasing y-coordinates of the junctions.

为每个西岸节点输出1行，包括从这个节点出发能够到达东岸的节点数目，

输出根据这些节点的y坐标降序排序。

样例输入
5 3 1 3
0 0
0 1
0 2
1 0
1 1
1 4 1
1 5 2
3 5 2
样例输出
2
0
2
来源
ceoi2011day2

题解：
暴力地想，枚举每一个起点bfs，效率O(N^2），然后怎么都想不出优化的方法了……题目有一个奇怪的地方，明明是图论，给坐标系干什么？难道只是要确定起点、终点吗？这时注意到题目又有一个容易忽略的性质：道路之间除端点外不相交。什么意思呢？考虑先把不能到达的终点去掉，以防止干扰，那么对于剩下的终点，感性地觉得每个起点到达的终点一定不能太随意，否则会相交。那么不能随意到什么程度呢？画个图会发现，若一个起点到达另一个起点能到达的终点的“缝隙”之间，那么他们一定相交，因为它没法借助另一个起点的边到达，则一定自己有边穿过另一个节点的路径。那么问题转化为求每个起点能到达中的的区间，考虑分为min,max两部分考虑，对于min，因为是终点对起点贡献答案，故考虑反向建图，将终点纵坐标按从小到大顺序想左bfs一遍，只要有被走过就不再走，记录下每个起点被哪个终点搜到即为min值，因为这是能到达的纵坐标最小值，max同理。