二叉搜索树的第k个节点

题目描述

给定一颗二叉搜索树，请找出其中的第k大的结点。例如， 5 / \ 3 7 /\ /\ 2 4 6 8 中，按结点数值大小顺序第三个结点的值为4。

<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">//BinaryTree.h</span>

#pragma once

struct BinaryTreeNode 
{
    int                    m_nValue; 
    BinaryTreeNode*        m_pLeft;  
    BinaryTreeNode*        m_pRight; 
};

__declspec( dllexport ) BinaryTreeNode* CreateBinaryTreeNode(int value);
__declspec( dllexport ) void ConnectTreeNodes(BinaryTreeNode* pParent, BinaryTreeNode* pLeft, BinaryTreeNode* pRight);
__declspec( dllexport ) void PrintTreeNode(BinaryTreeNode* pNode);
__declspec( dllexport ) void PrintTree(BinaryTreeNode* pRoot);
__declspec( dllexport ) void DestroyTree(BinaryTreeNode* pRoot);

//BinaryTree.cpp

#include <stdio.h>
#include "BinaryTree.h"

BinaryTreeNode* CreateBinaryTreeNode(int value)
{
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode = new BinaryTreeNode();
    pNode->m_nValue = value;
    pNode->m_pLeft = NULL;
    pNode->m_pRight = NULL;

    return pNode;
}

void ConnectTreeNodes(BinaryTreeNode* pParent, BinaryTreeNode* pLeft, BinaryTreeNode* pRight)
{
    if(pParent != NULL)
    {
        pParent->m_pLeft = pLeft;
        pParent->m_pRight = pRight;
    }
}

void PrintTreeNode(BinaryTreeNode* pNode)
{
    if(pNode != NULL)
    {
        printf("value of this node is: %d\n", pNode->m_nValue);

        if(pNode->m_pLeft != NULL)
            printf("value of its left child is: %d.\n", pNode->m_pLeft->m_nValue);
        else
            printf("left child is null.\n");

        if(pNode->m_pRight != NULL)
            printf("value of its right child is: %d.\n", pNode->m_pRight->m_nValue);
        else
            printf("right child is null.\n");
    }
    else
    {
        printf("this node is null.\n");
    }

    printf("\n");
}

void PrintTree(BinaryTreeNode* pRoot)
{
    PrintTreeNode(pRoot);

    if(pRoot != NULL)
    {
        if(pRoot->m_pLeft != NULL)
            PrintTree(pRoot->m_pLeft);

        if(pRoot->m_pRight != NULL)
            PrintTree(pRoot->m_pRight);
    }
}

void DestroyTree(BinaryTreeNode* pRoot)
{
    if(pRoot != NULL)
    {
        BinaryTreeNode* pLeft = pRoot->m_pLeft;
        BinaryTreeNode* pRight = pRoot->m_pRight;

        delete pRoot;
        pRoot = NULL;

        DestroyTree(pLeft);
        DestroyTree(pRight);
    }
}

//KthNodeInBST
#include <iostream>
#include "BinaryTree.h"
using namespace std;


BinaryTreeNode* KthNodeCore(BinaryTreeNode* pRoot, unsigned int &k)
{
	BinaryTreeNode* target = NULL;

	if(pRoot->m_pLeft != NULL){
		target = KthNodeCore(pRoot->m_pLeft , k);
	}

	if(target == NULL){
		if(k == 1)
			target = pRoot;
		k--;
	}

	if(target==NULL && pRoot->m_pRight != NULL)
	{
		target = KthNodeCore(pRoot->m_pRight, k);
	}

	return target;
}

BinaryTreeNode* KthNode(BinaryTreeNode* pRoot, unsigned int k)
{
	if(pRoot == NULL || k==0){
		return NULL;
	}
	return KthNodeCore(pRoot,k);
}

//测试用例

<pre name="code" class="cpp">#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<fstream>
#include "BinaryTree.h"

using namespace std;

void Test(char* testName, BinaryTreeNode* pRoot, unsigned int k, bool isNull, int expected)
{
    if(testName != NULL)
        printf("%s begins: ", testName);
    
    BinaryTreeNode* pTarget = KthNode(pRoot, k);
    if((isNull && pTarget == NULL) || (!isNull && pTarget->m_nValue == expected))
        printf("Passed.\n");
    else
        printf("FAILED.\n");
}

//            8
//        6      10
//       5 7    9  11
void TestA()
{
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode8 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(8);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode6 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(6);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode10 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(10);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode5 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(5);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode7 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(7);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode9 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(9);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode11 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(11);

    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode8, pNode6, pNode10);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode6, pNode5, pNode7);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode10, pNode9, pNode11);

    Test("TestA0", pNode8, 0, true, -1);
    Test("TestA1", pNode8, 1, false, 5);
    Test("TestA2", pNode8, 2, false, 6);
    Test("TestA3", pNode8, 3, false, 7);
    Test("TestA4", pNode8, 4, false, 8);
    Test("TestA5", pNode8, 5, false, 9);
    Test("TestA6", pNode8, 6, false, 10);
    Test("TestA7", pNode8, 7, false, 11);
    Test("TestA8", pNode8, 8, true, -1);

    DestroyTree(pNode8);
    
    printf("\n\n");
}

//               5
//              /
//             4
//            /
//           3
//          /
//         2
//        /
//       1
void TestB()
{
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode5 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(5);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode4 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(4);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode3 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(3);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode2 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(2);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode1 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(1);

    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode5, pNode4, NULL);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode4, pNode3, NULL);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode3, pNode2, NULL);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode2, pNode1, NULL);

    Test("TestB0", pNode5, 0, true, -1);
    Test("TestB1", pNode5, 1, false, 1);
    Test("TestB2", pNode5, 2, false, 2);
    Test("TestB3", pNode5, 3, false, 3);
    Test("TestB4", pNode5, 4, false, 4);
    Test("TestB5", pNode5, 5, false, 5);
    Test("TestB6", pNode5, 6, true, -1);

    DestroyTree(pNode5);

    printf("\n\n");
}

// 1
//  \
//   2
//    \
//     3
//      \
//       4
//        \
//         5
void TestC()
{
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode1 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(1);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode2 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(2);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode3 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(3);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode4 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(4);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode5 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(5);

    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode1, NULL, pNode2);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode2, NULL, pNode3);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode3, NULL, pNode4);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode4, NULL, pNode5);

    Test("TestC0", pNode1, 0, true, -1);
    Test("TestC1", pNode1, 1, false, 1);
    Test("TestC2", pNode1, 2, false, 2);
    Test("TestC3", pNode1, 3, false, 3);
    Test("TestC4", pNode1, 4, false, 4);
    Test("TestC5", pNode1, 5, false, 5);
    Test("TestC6", pNode1, 6, true, -1);

    DestroyTree(pNode1);

    printf("\n\n");
}

// There is only one node in a tree
void TestD()
{
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode1 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(1);

    Test("TestD0", pNode1, 0, true, -1);
    Test("TestD1", pNode1, 1, false, 1);
    Test("TestD2", pNode1, 2, true, -1);

    DestroyTree(pNode1);

    printf("\n\n");
}

// empty tree
void TestE()
{
    Test("TestE0", NULL, 0, true, -1);
    Test("TestE1", NULL, 1, true, -1);

    printf("\n\n");
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    TestA();
    TestB();
    TestC();
    TestD();
    TestE();
}