MySQL学习-基础篇-约束-概述

目录

p32-基础-约束-概述

p33-基础-约束-演示

p34-基础-约束-外键约束

p35-基础-约束-外键删除更新行为

p36-基础-约束-小结

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p32-基础-约束-概述

p33-基础-约束-演示

create table user(
    id int primary key auto_increment comment '主键',
    name varchar(10) not null unique comment '姓名',
    age int check ( age>0 and age<=120 ) comment '年龄',
    status char(1) default '1' comment '状态',
    gender char(1) comment '性别'
) comment '用户表';

-- 插入数据 验证

insert into user(name, age, status, gender) VALUES ('tom1',19,'1','男'), ('tom2',25,'0','男');
insert into user(name, age, status, gender) VALUES ('tom3',19,'1','男')

insert into user(name, age, status, gender) VALUES (null,19,'1','男');
insert into user(name, age, status, gender) VALUES ('tom3',19,'1','男');

insert into user(name, age, status, gender) VALUES ('tom4',80,'1','男');
insert into user(name, age, status, gender) VALUES ('tom5',-1,'1','男');
insert into user(name, age, status, gender) VALUES ('tom5',121,'1','男');

insert into user(name, age, gender) VALUES ('tom5',120,'男');

p34-基础-约束-外键约束

-- 准备数据

create table dept(
    id   int auto_increment comment 'ID' primary key ,
    name varchar(50) not null comment '部门名称'
)comment '部门表';
insert into dept (id, name) VALUES (1,'研发部'),(2,'市场部'),(3,'财务部'),(4,'销售部'),(5,'总经办');

删除了id为1的。

 

create table emp(
    id int auto_increment comment 'ID' primary key ,
    name varchar(50) not null comment '姓名',
    age int comment '年龄',
    job varchar(20) comment '职位',
    salary int comment '薪资',
    entrydate date comment '入职时间',
    managerid int comment '直属领导ID',
    dept_id int comment '部门ID'
)comment '员工表';

insert into emp (id, name, age, job, salary, entrydate, managerid, dept_id) values
            (1,'金庸',66,'总裁',20000,'2000-01-01',null,5),(2,'张无忌',20,'项目经理',12500,'2005-12-05',1,1),
            (3,'杨瑶',33,'开发',8400,'2000-11-03',2,1),(4,'韦一笑',48,'开发',11000,'2002-02-05',2,1),
            (5,'常遇春',43,'开发',10500,'2004-09-07',3,1),(6,'小邵',19,'网络',6600,'2004-10-12',2,1);

 

-- 添加外键

alter table emp add constraint fk_emp_dept_id foreign key (dept_id) references dept(id);

alter table emp drop foreign key fk_emp_dept_id;

 蓝色小钥匙消失

p35-基础-约束-外键删除更新行为

-- 外键的删除和更新行为

alter table emp add constraint fk_emp_dept_id foreign key (dept_id) references dept(id) on update cascade on delete cascade ;

p36-基础-约束-小结