Linux下修复rpmdb报错一例

背景：Centos7.4测试环境，执行yum相关命令报错。

1、不论是yum upgrade，或者yum list，yum clean all，都是一样报错

[root@Centos7 ~]# yum upgrade
error: rpmdb: BDB0113 Thread/process 33958/139778512189248 failed: BDB1507 Thread died in Berkeley DB library
error: db5 error(-30973) from dbenv->failchk: BDB0087 DB_RUNRECOVERY: Fatal error, run database recovery
error: cannot open Packages index using db5 -  (-30973)
error: cannot open Packages database in /var/lib/rpm
CRITICAL:yum.main:

Error: rpmdb open failed

[root@Centos7 ~]# yum list
error: rpmdb: BDB0113 Thread/process 33958/139778512189248 failed: BDB1507 Thread died in Berkeley DB library
error: db5 error(-30973) from dbenv->failchk: BDB0087 DB_RUNRECOVERY: Fatal error, run database recovery
error: cannot open Packages index using db5 -  (-30973)
error: cannot open Packages database in /var/lib/rpm
CRITICAL:yum.main:

Error: rpmdb open failed

2、初步判断是rpmdb有损坏，需要进行修复，但是没法得知哪个损坏，哪个没有，所以把rpm目录都备份。

[root@Centos7 ~]# cp -avr /var/lib/rpm /root/rpm_backup
‘/var/lib/rpm’ -> ‘/root/rpm_backup’
‘/var/lib/rpm/.dbenv.lock’ -> ‘/root/rpm_backup/.dbenv.lock’
‘/var/lib/rpm/Packages’ -> ‘/root/rpm_backup/Packages’
‘/var/lib/rpm/Name’ -> ‘/root/rpm_backup/Name’
‘/var/lib/rpm/Basenames’ -> ‘/root/rpm_backup/Basenames’
‘/var/lib/rpm/Group’ -> ‘/root/rpm_backup/Group’
‘/var/lib/rpm/Requirename’ -> ‘/root/rpm_backup/Requirename’
‘/var/lib/rpm/Providename’ -> ‘/root/rpm_backup/Providename’
‘/var/lib/rpm/Conflictname’ -> ‘/root/rpm_backup/Conflictname’
‘/var/lib/rpm/Obsoletename’ -> ‘/root/rpm_backup/Obsoletename’
‘/var/lib/rpm/Triggername’ -> ‘/root/rpm_backup/Triggername’
‘/var/lib/rpm/Dirnames’ -> ‘/root/rpm_backup/Dirnames’
‘/var/lib/rpm/Installtid’ -> ‘/root/rpm_backup/Installtid’
‘/var/lib/rpm/Sigmd5’ -> ‘/root/rpm_backup/Sigmd5’
‘/var/lib/rpm/Sha1header’ -> ‘/root/rpm_backup/Sha1header’
‘/var/lib/rpm/.rpm.lock’ -> ‘/root/rpm_backup/.rpm.lock’
‘/var/lib/rpm/__db.001’ -> ‘/root/rpm_backup/__db.001’
‘/var/lib/rpm/__db.002’ -> ‘/root/rpm_backup/__db.002’
‘/var/lib/rpm/__db.003’ -> ‘/root/rpm_backup/__db.003’

3、删除rpm数据库文件

[root@Centos7 rpm]# rm -f /var/lib/rpm/__db*

4、检查RPM db包

[root@Centos7 rpm]# db_verify /var/lib/rpm/Packages 
BDB5105 Verification of /var/lib/rpm/Packages succeeded.

5、重建 RPM database

[root@Centos7 rpm]# rpm --rebuilddb

6、执行yum clean重新下载repo data

[root@Centos7 rpm]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
Cleaning repos: base docker-ce-stable extras updates
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors

7、再重新执行yum命令已经正常。

参考文档：
https://linuxadminonline.com/fix-cannot-open-packages-database-var-lib-rpm/