swap配置小结

1. 通过新增分区扩展swap：

1.01 查看swap大小

[root@rhel6-server pub]# free -m

             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:           487        422         65          0         21        109
-/+ buffers/cache:        291        196

Swap:          499          0        499

1.02 查看当前swap使用了哪些设备

[root@rhel6-server pub]# swapon -s
Filename                Type        Size    Used    Priority

/dev/sda5                               partition    511992    608    -1

1.03 创建一个新的分区用来扩充swap

[root@rhel6-server pub]# fdisk -cu /dev/sda

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders, total 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000cb393

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048      411647      204800   83  Linux
/dev/sda2          411648    41371647    20480000   83  Linux
/dev/sda3        41371648    45467647     2048000   83  Linux
/dev/sda4        45467648   209715199    82123776    5  Extended
/dev/sda5        45469696    46493695      512000   82  Linux swap / Solaris

Command (m for help): n
First sector (46495744-209715199, default 46495744):      
Using default value 46495744
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (46495744-209715199, default 209715199): +100M

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders, total 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000cb393

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048      411647      204800   83  Linux
/dev/sda2          411648    41371647    20480000   83  Linux
/dev/sda3        41371648    45467647     2048000   83  Linux
/dev/sda4        45467648   209715199    82123776    5  Extended
/dev/sda5        45469696    46493695      512000   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6        46495744    46700543      102400   83  Linux

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-6): 6
Hex code (type L to list codes): 82
Changed system type of partition 6 to 82 (Linux swap / Solaris)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders, total 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000cb393

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048      411647      204800   83  Linux
/dev/sda2          411648    41371647    20480000   83  Linux
/dev/sda3        41371648    45467647     2048000   83  Linux
/dev/sda4        45467648   209715199    82123776    5  Extended
/dev/sda5        45469696    46493695      512000   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6        46495744    46700543      102400   82  Linux swap / Solaris

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)

Syncing disks.

1.04 激活分区

[root@rhel6-server pub]# partx -a /dev/sda
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 1
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 2
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 3
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 4
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 5
[root@rhel6-server pub]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor  #blocks  name

   8        0  104857600 sda
   8        1     204800 sda1
   8        2   20480000 sda2
   8        3    2048000 sda3
   8        4          1 sda4
   8        5     512000 sda5

   8        6     102400 sda6

1.05 格式化成swap分区

[root@rhel6-server pub]# mkswap /dev/sda6
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 102396 KiB

no label, UUID=46bdaf51-2f2a-4a98-a0b7-fd023f54195a

1.06 启用swap分区

[root@rhel6-server pub]# swapon /dev/sda6

1.07 验证swap容量是否扩展

[root@rhel6-server pub]# free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:           487        426         60          0         22        111
-/+ buffers/cache:        292        195

Swap:          599          0        599

1.08 验证扩展的swap设备

[root@rhel6-server pub]# swapon -s
Filename                Type        Size    Used    Priority
/dev/sda5                               partition    511992    596    -1

/dev/sda6                               partition    102392    0    -2

1.09 调整swap设备的优先级（数值越大越优先，可以通过man swapon搜pri验证），swap优先级只能在挂载时指定

[root@rhel6-server pub]# swapon -p 1 /dev/sda6
swapon: /dev/sda6: swapon failed: Device or resource busy
[root@rhel6-server pub]# swapoff /dev/sda6
[root@rhel6-server pub]# swapon -p 1 /dev/sda6
[root@rhel6-server pub]# swapon -s
Filename                Type        Size    Used    Priority
/dev/sda5                               partition    511992    596    -1
/dev/sda6                               partition    102392    0    1
1.10 添加到fstab实现启动自动挂载

[root@rhel6-server pub]# vim /etc/fstab
/dev/sda6       swap    swap    defaults,pri=1  0 0
[root@rhel6-server pub]# swapoff /dev/sda6
[root@rhel6-server pub]# swapon -s

Filename                Type        Size    Used    Priority
/dev/sda5                               partition    511992    584    -1
[root@rhel6-server pub]# swapon -a
[root@rhel6-server pub]# swapon -s
Filename                Type        Size    Used    Priority
/dev/sda5                               partition    511992    584    -1
/dev/sda6                               partition    102392    0    1

2. 通过文件扩展swap

与通过分区扩展swap相比，不用创建分区，以文件代之

dd if=/dev/zero of=/swap.img bs=1M count=100

mkswap /swap.img

其他步骤完全与分区扩swap一致。