RMAN备份时报“ORA-19504: failed to create file”和“ORA-27038: created file already exists”的一种情况和解决办法

版本：

SQL> select * from v$version;


BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 11.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production


SQL> 

在RMAN中使用如下两条命令备份时，

backup database include current controlfile format '/u01/rmanbkp/full01' tag 'fullbk01';

backup database format '/u01/rmanbkp/full01' tag 'fullbk01';

均会出现如下错误：

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on ORA_DISK_1 channel at 06/02/2013 19:16:44
ORA-19504: failed to create file "/u01/rmanbkp/full01"
ORA-27038: created file already exists
Additional information: 1

原因是控制文件和参数文件需要单独生成一个备份集，不能和数据库共用一个备份集，而在给数据文件指定备份集时又只指定一个单一的文件名，所以报了个文件已经存在的错误，解决方法是在format里加一个%U，这样就会自动生成不同又唯一的文件名了。

控制文件之所以不能和数据文件共存于一个备份集是因为二者的block size不一样，参看ref2有一段话。

Note:
If the control file block size is not equal to the block size for data file 1, then the control file cannot be written into the same backup set as the data file. RMAN writes the control file into a backup set by itself if the block size is different. The V$CONTROLFILE.BLOCK_SIZE column indicates the control file block size, whereas the DB_BLOCK_SIZE initialization parameter indicates the block size of data file 1.

SQL> select name,block_size from v$controlfile;


NAME     BLOCK_SIZE
------------------------------------------------------------ ----------
/u01/oracle/oradata/ora11g/control01.ctl  16384
/u01/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ora11g/control02.ctl  16384

SQL> show parameter db_block_size


NAME     TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_block_size     integer 8192
SQL> 

测试：

RMAN> backup database include current controlfile format '/u01/rmanbkp/full01' tag 'fullbk01' plus archivelog format '/u01/rmanbkp/arch01' tag 'fullbk01';




Starting backup at 02-JUN-13
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=44 RECID=1 STAMP=817054481
input archived log thread=1 sequence=45 RECID=2 STAMP=817054522
input archived log thread=1 sequence=46 RECID=3 STAMP=817054526
input archived log thread=1 sequence=47 RECID=4 STAMP=817054712
input