zipkin

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-03 17:00:40 发布

rainbowcheng

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-03 17:00:40 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/t2bbs20930/article/details/135600193

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前言：ZIPKIN作为当前“分布式服务链路跟踪”问题的流行解决方案之一，正在被越来越多的公司和个人学习使用。其中很重要的一块，就是上报链路数据。那么知道服务端如何接收数据，以及我们该怎样上报数据到服务端就显得十分重要。虽然ZIPKIN官方也开源了一个客户端Brave，但是本文却并不想直接介绍Brave，而是想站在一个从零开发ZIPKIN客户端的角度，一层层分析解决如何自己写一个ZIPKIN客户端，直到最后引出Brave。本文最终想达到的效果，就是希望通过本文，能让大家对ZIPKIN的链路上报有一个详尽的理解和认识。

零行代码快速开始

ZIPKIN是Spring Boot服务，因此启动起来十分方便，直接运行ZIPKIN JAR包就可以了。ZIPKIN JAR包我们可以自行编译ZIPKIN源码获得，也可以从下面的仓库获取，这个仓库专门存放ZIPKIN各种编译好的JAR包，仓库地址为：

https://dl.bintray.com/openzipkin/maven/io/zipkin/java/

进入zipkin-server目录下载server jar包，比如下载2.11.5版本，运行jar包：

java -jar zipkin-server-2.11.5-exec.jar

这样本地就起了一个ZIPKIN服务，浏览器中输入http://localhost:9411/zipkin/，即可打开ZIPKIN首页，效果如下：

接下来，我们开始上报数据，现在我不想写任何代码，那么就用postman发起一次post请求上报数据吧：

上报后在本地ZIPKIN服务上即可看到刚上报的数据效果：

没有任何一句代码，一个完整的ZIPKIN数据上报存储展示就完成了，那么我们来思考下：

1、如果自己写一个上ZIPKIN 客户端，该如何写？

分析：要上传数据给服务端，那么必须要搞清楚，ZIPKIN服务端可以接受什么样格式的数据？支持的编码解码协议是什么？还有支持那些通信传输协议？

Task: 了解了服务怎么接收数据后，客户端的task也就明确了：

以ZIPKIN服务端支持的数据格式组织数据；
以ZIPKIN服务端支持的编解码协议编码数据；
以ZIPKIN服务端支持的传输协议上报数据。

2、基础ZIPKIN客户端完成后，如何适配各种组件？

描述：一个服务通常涉及多个组件，包括服务框架，消息中间件，各种数据库等，那么怎么上报这些组件的数据给服务端了，值得我们思考？

分析：其实最简单的方法就是采用一个装饰者模式包装一下组件接口，在其中加入上报的逻辑，但是这种方法局限很大，不灵活。除此之外，我们或许我们可以利用下拦截器技术，AOP技术，以及Agent，探针等技术做到无侵入上报数据。

服务端如何接收数据的？

要想自己写一个ZIPKIN客户端，必须搞清楚ZIPKIN服务端是怎么接收数据的，包括数据格式协议是怎样的？编解码协议是怎样的？还有支持那么传输协议？

ZIPKIN支持的数据格式是怎样的？

ZIPKIN是兼容OpenTracing标准的，OpenTracing规定，每个Span包含如下状态：

操作名称
起始时间
结束时间
一组 KV 值，作为阶段的标签（Span Tags）
阶段日志（Span Logs）
阶段上下文（SpanContext），其中包含 Trace ID 和 Span ID
引用关系（References）

OpenTracing规范与zipkin对应关系如下：

OpenTracing	ZIPKIN
操作名称	name
起始时间	timestamp
结束时间	timestamp+duration
标签	tags
Span上下文	traceId
引用关系	parentId
Span日志	无

除此之外，ZIPKIN SAPN还增加了其他几个字端：

字段	描述
Kind	Span类型，比如是Server还是Client
Annotaion	表示某个时间点发生的Event,Event类型：cs：Client Send 请求；sr：Server Receive到请求；ss：Server 处理完成、并Send Response；cr：Client Receive 到响应
Endpoint localEndpoint	描述本地服务信息，比如服务名，ip等，方便根据服务名检索链路
Endpoint remoteEndpoint	RPC调用时，描述远程服务的服务信息

最终，包含兼容OpenTracing标准的字端，以及其本身的一些字端后，zipkin的span数据字端如下：

了解了ZIPKIN的数据字端格式后，我们再看看ZIPKIN支持的编解码协议。

ZIPKIN支持那些编解码协议？

Zipkin主要支持三种编解码协议，分别为JSON, PROTO3, THRIFT。

JSON编解码如下：

JSON_V1 {
    public Encoding encoding() {
        return Encoding.JSON;
    }
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">boolean</span> <span class="nf">decode</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="kt">byte</span><span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">bytes</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">Collection</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Span</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="n">Span</span> <span class="n">result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">decodeOne</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">bytes</span><span class="o">);</span>
    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">result</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">false</span><span class="o">;</span>
    <span class="o">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="o">{</span>
        <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">result</span><span class="o">);</span>
        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">true</span><span class="o">;</span>
    <span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">boolean</span> <span class="nf">decodeList</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="kt">byte</span><span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">spans</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">Collection</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Span</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">V1JsonSpanReader</span><span class="o">()).</span><span class="na">readList</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">spans</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="n">Span</span> <span class="nf">decodeOne</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="kt">byte</span><span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">span</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="n">V1Span</span> <span class="n">v1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">V1Span</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="n">JsonCodec</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">readOne</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">V1JsonSpanReader</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="n">span</span><span class="o">);</span>
    <span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Span</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">out</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">ArrayList</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">1</span><span class="o">);</span>
    <span class="n">V1SpanConverter</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">create</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">convert</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">v1</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">);</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">Span</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="n">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">0</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Span</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="nf">decodeList</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="kt">byte</span><span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">spans</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">decodeList</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">spans</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

}

JSON_V2 {
public Encoding encoding() {
return Encoding.JSON;
}

<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">boolean</span> <span class="nf">decode</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="kt">byte</span><span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">span</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">Collection</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Span</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">JsonCodec</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">read</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">V2SpanReader</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="n">span</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">boolean</span> <span class="nf">decodeList</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="kt">byte</span><span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">spans</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">Collection</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Span</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">JsonCodec</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">readList</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">V2SpanReader</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="n">spans</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

<span class="nd">@Nullable</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="n">Span</span> <span class="nf">decodeOne</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="kt">byte</span><span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">span</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">Span</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="n">JsonCodec</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">readOne</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">V2SpanReader</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="n">span</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Span</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="nf">decodeList</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="kt">byte</span><span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">spans</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">decodeList</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">spans</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

}

THRIFT编解码如下：

THRIFT {

public Encoding encoding() {

return Encoding.THRIFT;

}
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">boolean</span> <span class="nf">decode</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="kt">byte</span><span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">span</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">Collection</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Span</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">ThriftCodec</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">read</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">span</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">boolean</span> <span class="nf">decodeList</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="kt">byte</span><span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">spans</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">Collection</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Span</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">ThriftCodec</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">readList</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">spans</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="n">Span</span> <span class="nf">decodeOne</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="kt">byte</span><span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">span</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">ThriftCodec</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">readOne</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">span</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Span</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="nf">decodeList</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="kt">byte</span><span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">spans</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">decodeList</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">spans</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

}

PROTO3编解码如下：

PROTO3 {

public Encoding encoding() {

return Encoding.PROTO3;

}
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">boolean</span> <span class="nf">decode</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="kt">byte</span><span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">span</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">Collection</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Span</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Proto3Codec</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">read</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">span</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">boolean</span> <span class="nf">decodeList</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="kt">byte</span><span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">spans</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">Collection</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Span</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Proto3Codec</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">readList</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">spans</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">out</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

<span class="nd">@Nullable</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="n">Span</span> <span class="nf">decodeOne</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="kt">byte</span><span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">span</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">Proto3Codec</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">readOne</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">span</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Span</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="nf">decodeList</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="kt">byte</span><span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">spans</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">decodeList</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">spans</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

}

其中Json是默认支持的，也是使用起来最方便的，除此之外，还包括Thirft和Proto3可供开发者选择。

ZIPKIN支持那些传输协议？

Zipkin默认支持Http协议，除此之外，它还支持kafka,rabbitmq以及scribe协议：

他们的初始化过程如下：

传输协议支持的编解码协议如下：

其中Scribe限定了只支持Thirft协议，而HTTP、Kafka和RabbitMQ则是三种协议都支持。

如何做到支持所有的编码解码协议了？ZIPKIN中提供了一个自动探测编解码的类SpanBytesDecoderDetector，其中核心方法如下：

static BytesDecoder<Span> detectDecoder(byte[] bytes) {

if (bytes[0] <= 16) { // binary format

    if (protobuf3(bytes)) return SpanBytesDecoder.PROTO3;

return SpanBytesDecoder.THRIFT; /* the first byte is the TType, in a range 0-16 */

} else if (bytes[0] != ‘[’ && bytes[0] != ‘{’) {

throw new IllegalArgumentException(“Could not detect the span format”);

}

if (contains(bytes, ENDPOINT_FIELD_SUFFIX)) return SpanBytesDecoder.JSON_V2;

if (contains(bytes, TAGS_FIELD)) return SpanBytesDecoder.JSON_V2;

return SpanBytesDecoder.JSON_V1;

}

现在我们已经知道了zipkin服务接收的数据格式以及编解码协议和传输协议，那么接下来就可以写一个客户端了！

自己写一个ZIPKIN客户端

对于服务端如何接收数据，有了一个全面的认识后，我们就可以着手开始写一个ZIPKIN客户端了。

那么，首先定义客户端上报的数据格式，最简单的方式就是定义一个跟ZIPKIN服务端一样数据格式的Span就可以了：

@Setter

@Getter

public static class MySapn {

private String traceId;

private String parentId;

private String id;

private String name;

private long timestamp;

private long duration;

private Map<String, String> tags;

String kind;

Endpoint localEndpoint, remoteEndpoint;
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">static</span> <span class="kd">enum</span> <span class="n">Kind</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="n">CLIENT</span><span class="o">,</span>
    <span class="n">SERVER</span><span class="o">,</span>
    <span class="n">PRODUCER</span><span class="o">,</span>
    <span class="n">CONSUMER</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">static</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Endpoint</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">serviceName</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">ipv4</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">ipv6</span><span class="o">;</span>
    <span class="kt">byte</span><span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">ipv4Bytes</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">ipv6Bytes</span><span class="o">;</span>
    <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">port</span><span class="o">;</span> <span class="c1">// zero means null

public Endpoint(String serviceName) {
this.serviceName = serviceName;
}
}
}

数据格式确定后，接着就编码数据，ZIPKIN支持三种编码方式，JSON、THIFT和PROTO3，为了简单方便，我们选择JSON协议编码Span数据。注意，ZIPKIN JSON字符串前后需要加括号。

数据编码后，接着上报数据，ZIPKIN默认支持HTTP协议方式，JAVA HTTP请求包很多，我们随便选择一种，比如选择Apach的HttpClient jar包，代码如下：

public class App {
<span class="kd">private</span> <span class="kd">static</span> <span class="kd">final</span> <span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">serverUrl</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"http://localhost:9411/api/v2/spans"</span><span class="o">;</span>

<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">static</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="n">MySapn</span> <span class="n">span</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">MySapn</span><span class="o">();</span>
    <span class="n">span</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">traceId</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"1ae1e4f435814744"</span><span class="o">;</span>
    <span class="n">span</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">parentId</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"1ae1e4f435814744"</span><span class="o">;</span>
    <span class="n">span</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"d1ab9cd2c50d13d1"</span><span class="o">;</span>
    <span class="n">span</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">kind</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">MySapn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Kind</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">SERVER</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">toString</span><span class="o">();</span>
    <span class="n">span</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"my client test"</span><span class="o">;</span>
    <span class="n">span</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">timestamp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">1565933251470428L</span><span class="o">;</span>
    <span class="n">span</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">duration</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">8286</span><span class="o">;</span>
    <span class="n">span</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">localEndpoint</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">MySapn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Endpoint</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"My client"</span><span class="o">);</span>
    <span class="n">Map</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">String</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">tags</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">HashMap</span><span class="o">&lt;&gt;();</span>
    <span class="n">tags</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">put</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"name"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s">"pioneeryi"</span><span class="o">);</span>
    <span class="n">tags</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">put</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"lover"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s">"dandan"</span><span class="o">);</span>
    <span class="n">span</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">tags</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">tags</span><span class="o">;</span>

    <span class="n">doPost</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">serverUrl</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">span</span><span class="o">);</span>
    <span class="n">System</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"Hello World!"</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">static</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">doPost</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">url</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">MySapn</span> <span class="n">span</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="k">try</span> <span class="o">{</span>
        <span class="n">HttpClient</span> <span class="n">httpClient</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">DefaultHttpClient</span><span class="o">();</span>

        <span class="n">HttpPost</span> <span class="n">post</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">HttpPost</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">url</span><span class="o">);</span>
        <span class="n">post</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">setHeader</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"Content-Type"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s">"application/json"</span><span class="o">);</span>
        <span class="n">post</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">setHeader</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"charset"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s">"UTF-8"</span><span class="o">);</span>

        <span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">body</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">Gson</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">toJson</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">span</span><span class="o">);</span>
        <span class="n">body</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"["</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">body</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s">"]"</span><span class="o">;</span>
        <span class="n">System</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">print</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">body</span><span class="o">);</span>

        <span class="n">StringEntity</span> <span class="n">entity</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">StringEntity</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">body</span><span class="o">);</span>
        <span class="n">post</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">setEntity</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">entity</span><span class="o">);</span>

        <span class="n">HttpResponse</span> <span class="n">httpResponse</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">httpClient</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">execute</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">post</span><span class="o">);</span>
        <span class="n">System</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">print</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">httpResponse</span><span class="o">);</span>
    <span class="o">}</span> <span class="k">catch</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">Exception</span> <span class="n">exception</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
        <span class="n">System</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">print</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"do post request fail"</span><span class="o">);</span>
    <span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

}

maven pom如下：

<dependency>

<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>

<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>

<version>4.5.6</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
<artifactId>gson</artifactId>
<version>2.8.5</version>
</dependency>

运行上面main方法，即可上报Span数据，打开zipkin首页：http://localhost:9411/zipkin/，搜索刚上报的Span的TraceId，展示效果如下：

一个最简单的，采用JSON编码数据，HTTP协议上传数据的客户端我们就完成了。为了用户调用方便，我们可以将上面的代码封装为一个接口供用户使用:

public void reportSpan(MySpan span)

但是这个太简陋了，我们只支持了一种一个编解码协议，一种传输协议，开始优化：

优化一：支持多种编解码，支持多种传输协议。这个时候就需要定一个上报接口类了，根据不同传输协议提供不同实现。编解码也是同样的，定义编码接口，根据不同编码协议提供不同实现。

此外，当前这个客户端是同步上报的，性能很差，因此必须改成异步上报，接着优化。

优化二：上报改成异步上报，队列+线程。

有了这两步优化后，client大体框架就初步成型了，写好了客户端后，怎么适配各个组件，做到无侵入上报也很重要，继续优化：

优化三：适配各个组件，比如Spring Boot,Kafak，MySql等等。

一个完整的Client，还是有很多工作要做的，这里咱就不继续深入优化开发了，直接看看官方的Brave怎么做的！

探究ZIPKIN客户端Brave

为了说明Brave的使用和上报过程，我们先写一个很简单的上报Demo，进行演示。Demo将上报一个“一父Span,两个子Span“的链路，demo如下：

public class TraceDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Sender sender = OkHttpSender.create(“http://localhost:9411/api/v2/spans”);

AsyncReporter asyncReporter = AsyncReporter.create(sender);

Tracing tracing = Tracing.newBuilder()

.localServiceName(“my-service”)

.spanReporter(asyncReporter)

.build();

Tracer tracer = tracing.tracer();
    <span class="n">Span</span> <span class="n">parentSpan</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">tracer</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">newTrace</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">name</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"parent span"</span><span class="o">).</span><span class="na">start</span><span class="o">();</span>
    
    <span class="n">Span</span> <span class="n">childSpan1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">tracer</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">newChild</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">parentSpan</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">context</span><span class="o">()).</span><span class="na">name</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"child span1"</span><span class="o">).</span><span class="na">start</span><span class="o">();</span>
    <span class="n">sleep</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">500</span><span class="o">);</span>
    <span class="n">childSpan1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">finish</span><span class="o">();</span>

    <span class="n">Span</span> <span class="n">childSpan2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">tracer</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">newChild</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">parentSpan</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">context</span><span class="o">()).</span><span class="na">name</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"child span2"</span><span class="o">).</span><span class="na">start</span><span class="o">();</span>
    <span class="n">sleep</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">500</span><span class="o">);</span>
    <span class="n">childSpan2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">finish</span><span class="o">();</span>
    
    <span class="n">parentSpan</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">finish</span><span class="o">();</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

}

其中 maven pom 引入如下包：

<dependency>

<groupId>io.zipkin.brave</groupId>

<artifactId>brave</artifactId>

<version>5.3.3</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>io.zipkin.reporter2</groupId>
<artifactId>zipkin-sender-okhttp3</artifactId>
<version>2.6.0</version>
</dependency>

启动zipkin 服务：

java -jar zipkin-server-2.11.5-exec.jar

然后在浏览器中输入：http://localhost:9411，即可打开zipkin首页，看到示例代码上报的效果图如下：

一个最简单的但是却是很完整的一个ZIPKIN链路上报演示，就如上面Demo所示，那么接下来分析一下整个链路的上报过程！

链路上报解析

自己开发一个客户端时，我们首先会封装一个Span类，Brave也不例外，它也定义了Span数据结构；那么定义好Span后，谁来负责构造Span了？

Brave中定义了一个类叫Tracer来完成构造Span的工作；Brave生成好了Span后，此时需要编码发送了，那么谁又来发送了？

Brave定义了Reporter组件，它支持异步发送以及多传输协议以及多编码协议发送Span数据。

看起来，各个组件已经完备了，组件有点多！此时需要那么一个人将这些组件组织起来，同时与服务端取得联系，开始打通整个流程了，这就是Tracing类的功能。

接下来详细讲解一下各个组件的功能，并根据Demo代码，将各个组件串起来，最终梳理清楚Brave上报的流程和原理。

Brave Span

Brave中Span相关类有：SpanCustomizer、NoopSpanCustomizer、CurrentSpanCustomizer、RealSpanCustomizer、Span、NoopSpan、RealSpan。

示例代码中，关于span的操作如下：

Span span = tracer.newTrace().name(“encode”).start();

try {

doSomethingExpensive();

} finally {

span.finish();

}

首先通过tracer生成一个span，最后，调用span.finish()上报，接下来就来看看span，以及这个finish干了什么。

咱们用的Span的实现子类为RealSpan，RealSpan两个核心方法start, finish：

@Override

public Span start() {

return start(clock.currentTimeMicroseconds());

}

@Override
public Span start(long timestamp) {
synchronized (state) {
state.startTimestamp(timestamp);
}
return this;
}

start方法主要记录开始时间，接下来看看finish 方法：

@Override

public void finish(long timestamp) {

if (!pendingSpans.remove(context)) return;

synchronized (state) {

state.finishTimestamp(timestamp);

}

finishedSpanHandler.handle(context, state);

}

这里交给FinishedSpanHandler来处理。FinishedSpanHandler是一个抽象类，他有如下子类实现：

ZipkinFinishedSpanHandler
MetricsFinishedSpanHandler
NoopAwareFinishedSpan
CompositeFinishedSpanHandler

我们主要关注ZipkinFinishedSpanHandler实现：

public final class ZipkinFinishedSpanHandler extends FinishedSpanHandler {

final Reporter<zipkin2.Span> spanReporter;

final MutableSpanConverter converter;
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="nf">ZipkinFinishedSpanHandler</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">Reporter</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">zipkin2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Span</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">spanReporter</span><span class="o">,</span>
<span class="n">ErrorParser</span> <span class="n">errorParser</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">serviceName</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">ip</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">port</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="k">this</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">spanReporter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">spanReporter</span><span class="o">;</span>
    <span class="k">this</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">converter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">MutableSpanConverter</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">errorParser</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">serviceName</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">ip</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">port</span><span class="o">);</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

<span class="nd">@Override</span> <span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">boolean</span> <span class="nf">handle</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">TraceContext</span> <span class="n">context</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">MutableSpan</span> <span class="n">span</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">(!</span><span class="n">Boolean</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">TRUE</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">equals</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">context</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">sampled</span><span class="o">()))</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">true</span><span class="o">;</span>

    <span class="n">Span</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Builder</span> <span class="n">builderWithContextData</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Span</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">newBuilder</span><span class="o">()</span>
        <span class="o">.</span><span class="na">traceId</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">context</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">traceIdString</span><span class="o">())</span>
        <span class="o">.</span><span class="na">parentId</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">context</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">parentIdString</span><span class="o">())</span>
        <span class="o">.</span><span class="na">id</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">context</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">spanIdString</span><span class="o">());</span>
    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">context</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">debug</span><span class="o">())</span> <span class="n">builderWithContextData</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">debug</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="o">);</span>

    <span class="n">converter</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">convert</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">span</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">builderWithContextData</span><span class="o">);</span>
    <span class="n">spanReporter</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">report</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">builderWithContextData</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">build</span><span class="o">());</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">true</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

<span class="nd">@Override</span> <span class="kd">public</span> <span class="n">String</span> <span class="nf">toString</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">spanReporter</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">toString</span><span class="o">();</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

}

可见，上面最终是通过Reporter组件来上报数据的。那么Report是如何上报的了？

Brave Reporter

因为上报组件要支持多种编码协议以及多种传输协议，因此逻辑比较复杂，官方专门建了一个项目：zipkin-reporter-java

我们首先看看Reporter接口类定义：

public interface Reporter<S> {

Reporter<Span> NOOP = new Reporter<Span>() {

@Override public void report(Span span) {

}
    <span class="nd">@Override</span> <span class="kd">public</span> <span class="n">String</span> <span class="nf">toString</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">"NoopReporter{}"</span><span class="o">;</span>
    <span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">};</span>
<span class="n">Reporter</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Span</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">CONSOLE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">Reporter</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Span</span><span class="o">&gt;()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="nd">@Override</span> <span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">report</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">Span</span> <span class="n">span</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
         <span class="n">System</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">span</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">toString</span><span class="o">());</span>
    <span class="o">}</span>

    <span class="nd">@Override</span> <span class="kd">public</span> <span class="n">String</span> <span class="nf">toString</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">"ConsoleReporter{}"</span><span class="o">;</span>
    <span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">};</span>

<span class="cm">/**

* Schedules the span to be sent onto the transport .
*
* @param span Span, should not be <code>null</code>.
*/
void report(S span);
}

Reporter有三个子类实现，分别是CONSOLE，NOOP，和AsyncReporter。CONSOLE就是直接控制台打印出Span数据，一般用来调试差不多；NOOP是一个空实现，啥也不干；AsyncReporter是我们平时上报用的Reporter，他提供异步上报数据能力。

AsyncReporter

AsyncReporter is how you actually get spans to zipkin. By default, it waits up to a second before flushes any pending spans out of process via a Sender.

根据不同协议，Ayncreporter执行相应的build逻辑：

public AsyncReporter<Span> build() {

switch(this.sender.encoding()) {

case JSON:

return this.build(SpanBytesEncoder.JSON_V2);

case PROTO3:

return this.build(SpanBytesEncoder.PROTO3);

case THRIFT:

return this.build(SpanBytesEncoder.THRIFT);

default:

throw new UnsupportedOperationException(this.sender.encoding().name());

}

}

build方法详细逻辑，如下：

public <S> AsyncReporter<S> build(BytesEncoder<S> encoder) {

if (encoder == null) throw new NullPointerException(“encoder == null”);
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">encoder</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">encoding</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="n">sender</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">encoding</span><span class="o">())</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="k">throw</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">IllegalArgumentException</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">format</span><span class="o">(</span>
<span class="s">"Encoder doesn't match Sender: %s %s"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">encoder</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">encoding</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="n">sender</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">encoding</span><span class="o">()));</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

<span class="kd">final</span> <span class="n">BoundedAsyncReporter</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">S</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">BoundedAsyncReporter</span><span class="o">&lt;&gt;(</span><span class="k">this</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">encoder</span><span class="o">);</span>

<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">messageTimeoutNanos</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">0</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span> 
    <span class="c1">// Start a thread that flushes the queue in a loop.

final BufferNextMessage<S> consumer =
BufferNextMessage.create(encoder.encoding(), messageMaxBytes, messageTimeoutNanos);
Thread flushThread = threadFactory.newThread(new Flusher<>(result, consumer));
flushThread.setName(“AsyncReporter{” + sender + “}”);
flushThread.setDaemon(true);
flushThread.start();
}
return result;
}

可以看到AsyncReporter的build方法中，启动了一个守护线程 flushThread，一直循环调用BoundedAsyncReporter的flush方法:

void flush(BufferNextMessage<S> bundler) {

if (closed.get()) throw new IllegalStateException(“closed”);

pending.drainTo(bundler, bundler.remainingNanos());
<span class="c1">// record after flushing reduces the amount of gauge events vs on doing this on report

metrics.updateQueuedSpans(pending.count);
metrics.updateQueuedBytes(pending.sizeInBytes);

<span class="c1">// loop around if we are running, and the bundle isn't full

// if we are closed, try to send what’s pending
if (!bundler.isReady() && !closed.get()) return;

<span class="c1">// Signal that we are about to send a message of a known size in bytes

metrics.incrementMessages();
metrics.incrementMessageBytes(bundler.sizeInBytes());
ArrayList<byte[]> nextMessage = new ArrayList<>(bundler.count());
bundler.drain(new SpanWithSizeConsumer<S>() {
@Override public boolean offer(S next, int nextSizeInBytes) {
nextMessage.add(encoder.encode(next)); // speculatively add to the pending message
if (sender.messageSizeInBytes(nextMessage) > messageMaxBytes) {
// if we overran the message size, remove the encoded message.
nextMessage.remove(nextMessage.size() - 1);
return false;
}
return true;
}
});

<span class="k">try</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="n">sender</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">sendSpans</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">nextMessage</span><span class="o">).</span><span class="na">execute</span><span class="o">();</span>
<span class="o">}</span> <span class="k">catch</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">IOException</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">RuntimeException</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Error</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="o">......</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

}

Flush方法的主要逻辑如下：

将队列pending中的数据，提取到nextMessage链表中；
调用Sender的sendSpans方法，发送到nextMessage链表中的Span数据到Zipkin；

这样，Reporter即做到了异步发送！

Sender

Sender组件完成发送Span到zipkin服务端的最后一步，即利用某个传输协议，将数据发送到zipkin服务端。

public abstract class Sender extends Component {

public Sender() {

}
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">abstract</span> <span class="n">Encoding</span> <span class="nf">encoding</span><span class="o">();</span>

<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">abstract</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="nf">messageMaxBytes</span><span class="o">();</span>

<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">abstract</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="nf">messageSizeInBytes</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">byte</span><span class="o">[]&gt;</span> <span class="n">var1</span><span class="o">);</span>

<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="nf">messageSizeInBytes</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">encodedSizeInBytes</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">this</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">messageSizeInBytes</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">Collections</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">singletonList</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="k">new</span> <span class="kt">byte</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">encodedSizeInBytes</span><span class="o">]));</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">abstract</span> <span class="n">Call</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Void</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="nf">sendSpans</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">byte</span><span class="o">[]&gt;</span> <span class="n">var1</span><span class="o">);</span>

}

其中核心的方法sendSpans 是一个抽象方法，不同传输协议的Sender会提供具体的实现逻辑，其子类有：
ActiveMQSender、FakeSender、KafkaSender、LibthriftSender、OkHttpSender、RabbitMQSender、URLConnectionSender。

不同协议均按照自身协议规范执行发送逻辑，因为我们的Demo中用的是OkHttpSender，所以我们主要看看OkHttpSender是如何实现的。Demo中使用如下：

Sender sender = OkHttpSender.create(“http://localhost:9411/api/v2/spans”);

AsyncReporter asyncReporter = AsyncReporter.create(sender);

这里，通过AsyncReporter.create方法，我们将OkHttpSender注入到了Reporter中，那么接下来看看OkHttpSender的sendSpans方法实现：

@Override

public zipkin2.Call<Void> sendSpans(List<byte[]> encodedSpans) {

if (closeCalled) throw new IllegalStateException(“closed”);

Request request;

try {

request = newRequest(encoder.encode(encodedSpans));

} catch (IOException e) {

throw zipkin2.internal.Platform.get().uncheckedIOException(e);

}

return new HttpCall(client.newCall(request));

}

执行完这个方法后，会返回一个HttpCall，Reporter的flush方法中会调用HttpCall的execute方法，完成Http请求发送。

Brave Tracer

Span数据结构，包括发送Span的组件我们搞清楚了，那么谁来负责创建Span了？这就是Tracer的工作，他负责创建Span及提供Span的各种操作，主要方法如下表所示：

Brave Tracing

现在Span有了，创建Span的组件有了，发送Span的组件也有了，那就只需要一个把他们组合起来的类似工厂的角色了，那就是Tracing,他的主要工作就是连接服务器，然后利用Tracer创建出Span，接着发送Span到zipkin服务端。

Tracing源码采用的Builder模式，再看看我们Demo中创建Tracing的代码:

Tracing tracing = Tracing.newBuilder()

.localServiceName(“my-service”)

.spanReporter(asyncReporter)

.build();

我们Tracing.newBuilder()创建了一个Tracing的Builder，然后指定了这个Tracing的服务名，使用什么Reporter，接着调用了Builder的build方法，我们看看build方法代码：

public Tracing build() {

if (clock  null) clock = Platform.get().clock();

if (localIp  null) localIp = Platform.get().linkLocalIp();

if (spanReporter == null) spanReporter = new LoggingReporter();

return new Default(this);

}

它调用了Tracing的默认实现，默认实现子类如下：

static final class Default extends Tracing {

final Tracer tracer;

final Propagation.Factory propagationFactory;

final Propagation<String> stringPropagation;

final CurrentTraceContext currentTraceContext;

final Sampler sampler;

final Clock clock;

final ErrorParser errorParser;
<span class="n">Default</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">Builder</span> <span class="n">builder</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
  <span class="k">this</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">clock</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">builder</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">clock</span><span class="o">;</span>
  <span class="k">this</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">errorParser</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">builder</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">errorParser</span><span class="o">;</span>
  <span class="k">this</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">propagationFactory</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">builder</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">propagationFactory</span><span class="o">;</span>
  <span class="k">this</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">stringPropagation</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">builder</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">propagationFactory</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">create</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">Propagation</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">KeyFactory</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">STRING</span><span class="o">);</span>
  <span class="k">this</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">currentTraceContext</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">builder</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">currentTraceContext</span><span class="o">;</span>
  <span class="k">this</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">sampler</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">builder</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">sampler</span><span class="o">;</span>
  <span class="n">zipkin2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Endpoint</span> <span class="n">localEndpoint</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">zipkin2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">Endpoint</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">newBuilder</span><span class="o">()</span>
      <span class="o">.</span><span class="na">serviceName</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">builder</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">localServiceName</span><span class="o">)</span>
      <span class="o">.</span><span class="na">ip</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">builder</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">localIp</span><span class="o">)</span>
      <span class="o">.</span><span class="na">port</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">builder</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">localPort</span><span class="o">)</span>
      <span class="o">.</span><span class="na">build</span><span class="o">();</span>
  <span class="n">SpanReporter</span> <span class="n">reporter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">SpanReporter</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">localEndpoint</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">builder</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">reporter</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">noop</span><span class="o">);</span>
  <span class="k">this</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">tracer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">Tracer</span><span class="o">(</span>
      <span class="n">builder</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">clock</span><span class="o">,</span>
      <span class="n">builder</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">propagationFactory</span><span class="o">,</span>
      <span class="n">reporter</span><span class="o">,</span>
      <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">PendingSpans</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">localEndpoint</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">clock</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">reporter</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">noop</span><span class="o">),</span>
      <span class="n">builder</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">sampler</span><span class="o">,</span>
      <span class="n">builder</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">errorParser</span><span class="o">,</span>
      <span class="n">builder</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">currentTraceContext</span><span class="o">,</span>
      <span class="n">builder</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">traceId128Bit</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="n">propagationFactory</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">requires128BitTraceId</span><span class="o">(),</span>
      <span class="n">builder</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">supportsJoin</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="n">propagationFactory</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">supportsJoin</span><span class="o">(),</span>
      <span class="n">noop</span>
  <span class="o">);</span>
  <span class="n">maybeSetCurrent</span><span class="o">();</span>
<span class="o">}</span></code></pre></div><p data-pid="hLRJsNYx">从上面可以看到，主要干的工作有：</p><ul><li data-pid="D8MUw-l6">根据Spanreporter,生成FinishedSpanHandler，发送Span用；</li><li data-pid="e3wIFPcU">根据FinishedSpanHandler以及其他默认信息生成Tracer;</li></ul><p data-pid="Al96zlnF">OK，现在对于DEMO中的Brave的上报数据流程和原理是不是清楚了不少！</p><h2>链路上报总结</h2><p data-pid="jS6Z95-M">Zipkin链路上报看起来很复杂，其实剥离各种封装，去除各种组件，其主线逻辑就是如下三步：</p><ul><li data-pid="EOuCr9rz">构造span对象，包括traceId，parentId,以及其自身的spanId等参数；</li><li data-pid="RvUaMLj6">选一种编解码协议，比如JSON，或者THRIF,或者PROTO3对Span进行编码；</li><li data-pid="qjsV8ah7">将编码后的span，通过利用一种传输协议上报到服务端；</li></ul><p data-pid="aYf0Sa9q">还有一块未分析：Brave是如何Support各个组件的。因为本文内容较多，放到以后的文章分析！</p></span></div></div></span><div><div class="ContentItem-time"><a target="_blank" href="//www.zhihu.com/question/361486592/answer/2296653849"><span data-tooltip="发布于 2022-01-04 00:15" aria-label="发布于 2022-01-04 00:15">编辑于 2022-01-04 00:34</span></a></div></div><span></span><div><div class="ContentItem-actions Sticky RichContent-actions is-fixed is-bottom" style="width: 694px; 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zipkin

前言：ZIPKIN作为当前“跟踪”问题的流行解决方案之一，正在被越来越多的公司和个人学习使用。其中很重要的一块，就是上报链路数据。那么知道服务端如何接收数据，以及我们该怎样上报数据到服务端就显得十分重要。虽然ZIPKIN官方也开源了一个客户端Brave，但是本文却并不想直接介绍Brave，而是想站在一个从零开发ZIPKIN客户端的角度，一层层分析解决如何自己写一个ZIPKIN客户端，直到最后引出Brave。本文最终想达到的效果，就是希望通过本文，能让大家对ZIPKIN的链路上报有一个详尽的理解和认识。
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