图像处理的基础操作

Sobel边缘检测

Mat Sobel_abs(Mat&src)
{
	Mat grad_x, grad_y;
	Mat abs_grad_x, abs_grad_y, dst;
	//获取x方向梯度图
	Sobel(src, grad_x, CV_16S, 1, 0, 3, 1, 1, BORDER_DEFAULT);
	convertScaleAbs(grad_x, abs_grad_x);
	//获取y方向梯度图
	Sobel(src, grad_y, CV_16S, 0, 1, 3, 1, 1, BORDER_DEFAULT);
	convertScaleAbs(grad_y, abs_grad_y);
	//合并x，y方向梯度图
	addWeighted(abs_grad_x, 0.5, abs_grad_y, 0.5, 0, dst);
	
	return dst;
}

膨胀

    Mat dst;
    //Size(3, 3)以3*3的模板进行膨胀
	Mat element = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(3, 3));
	dilate(SrcImage, dst, element);
	imshow("膨胀",dst);

腐蚀

    Mat dst;
    //Size(5, 5)以5*5的模板进行腐蚀
    Mat element = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(5, 5));
	erode(SrcImage, dst, element);
	imshow("腐蚀",dst);

二值化

    Mat dst
    //灰度像素>100,像素值=1;灰度像素<100,像素值=0
    threshold(GrayImage, dst, 100, 255, THRESH_BINARY);
	imshow("二值图.jpg", dst);

Hough变换

//Hough变换
Mat Hough_abs(Mat&src)
{
	Mat dstImage;
	cvtColor(src, dstImage, COLOR_GRAY2BGR);//转化边缘检测后的图为灰度图

	//进行霍夫线变换
	vector<Vec2f> lines;//定义一个矢量结构lines用于存放得到的线段矢量集合
	HoughLines(src, lines, 1, CV_PI / 180, 150, 0, 0);

	//依次在图中绘制出每条线段
	for (size_t i = 0; i < lines.size(); i++)
	{
		float rho = lines[i][0], theta = lines[i][1];
		Point pt1, pt2;
		double a = cos(theta), b = sin(theta);
		double x0 = a * rho, y0 = b * rho;
		pt1.x = cvRound(x0 + 1000 * (-b));
		pt1.y = cvRound(y0 + 1000 * (a));
		pt2.x = cvRound(x0 - 1000 * (-b));
		pt2.y = cvRound(y0 - 1000 * (a));
		line(dstImage, pt1, pt2, Scalar(55, 100, 195), 1, LINE_AA);
	}
	return dstImage;
}

    Mat b = Hough_abs(Gray);
	imshow("dstImage", b);