DRF框架

一、 APIView是继承自CBV的view类，因此先说一下CBV。APIView重写了request请求，本来reqest.POST只能访问urlencode的参数，却无法访问json格式的数据。重新的request能够访问json数据。

#views类
#FBV
"""
面向过程的函数视图
"""
# def book(request):
#     if request.method == "GET":
#         return HttpResponse("GET请求...")
#
#     else:
#         return HttpResponse("POST请求...")

#路由部分
from django.urls import path

from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('book/', views.BookView.as_view())
]

#CBV
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from django.views import View


class BookView(View):

    def get(self, request):
        return HttpResponse("view get")

    def post(self, request):
        return HttpResponse("view post")

二、DRF框架

安装DRF

 APIView是DRF框架的一个view函数，重写了request函数，解决了之前post不接受json的数据。

#路由不变，只是重写了request请求的方法
from rest_framework.views import APIView


class BookView(APIView):

    def get(self, request):
        print("query_params:", request.query_params)
        return HttpResponse("view get")

    def post(self, request):
        print(request.data)
        return HttpResponse("view post")

    def delete(self, request):
        return HttpResponse(request.query_params)

三、序列化以及进阶

1、serializers序列化使得程序的校验方面便捷并且前端数据好存取

#urls路由部分
from django.urls import path, re_path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('author/', views.AuthorView.as_view()),
    re_path(r'author/(\d+)', views.AuthorView.as_view())
]

#View部分
from rest_framework import serializers
from rest_framework.response import Response


# 针对模型设计序列化器
class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
    title = serializers.CharField(max_length=3)
    price = serializers.IntegerField(required=False)
    date = serializers.DateField(source="pub_date")


class BookView(APIView):

    def get(self, request):
        # 获取所有的书籍
        book_list = Book.objects.all()  # queryset[book01,book02,...]
        # 构建序列化器对象:
        serializer = BookSerializers(instance=book_list, many=True)

        '''
        temp = []
        
        for obj in book_list:
            d = {}
            d["title"] = obj.title
            d["price"] = obj.price
            # d["pub_date"] = obj.pub_date
            
            temp.append(d)
           
        '''

        return Response(serializer.data)

    def post(self, request):
        # 获取请求数据
        print("data", request.data)

        # 构建序列化器对象
        serializer = BookSerializers(data=request.data)
        # 校验数据
        if serializer.is_valid():  # 返回一个布尔值，所有字段皆通过才返回True，serializer.validated_data   serializer.errors
            # 数据校验通过,将数据插入到数据库中
            new_book = Book.objects.create(**serializer.validated_data)
            serializer.instance = request.data

            return Response(request.data)

        else:
            # 校验失败
            return Response(serializer.errors)
            
    def delete(self, request, id):
        print(id)
        author = Author.objects.get(pk=id).delete()
        return Response(request.data)

    # 修改数据
    def put(self, request, id):

        serializer = AuthorSerializers(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            Author.objects.filter(pk=id).update(**serializer.data)
            return Response(request.data)
        else:
            return Response(serializer.errors)

    

重写序列化函数之create、update函数，分离模型和控制类的操作

from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework import serializers

from app01.models import Author


class AuthorSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
    name = serializers.CharField(max_length=30)
    company = serializers.CharField(max_length=40)

    def create(self, request):
        new_author = Author.objects.create(**self.validated_data)
        self.instance = request.data
        # 返回值必须是序列化数据
        return self.instance

    def update(self, instance, validated_data):
        Author.objects.filter(pk=validated_data).update(**self.validated_data)
        self.instance = instance
        return instance


# Create your views here.
class AuthorView(APIView):

    def get(self, request):
        author_list = Author.objects.all()
        # 序列化
        serializer = AuthorSerializers(instance=author_list, many=True)

        return Response(serializer.data)

    def post(self, request):
        # 反序列化
        serializer = AuthorSerializers(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            new_instance = serializer.create(request)

            return Response(new_instance)
        else:
            return Response(serializer.errors)

    def delete(self, request, id):
        author = Author.objects.get(pk=id).delete()
        author_all = Author.objects.all()

        return Response(request.data)

    # 修改数据
    def put(self, request, id):
        serializer = AuthorSerializers(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.update(serializer.data, id)

            return Response(serializer.instance)
        else:
            return Response(serializer.errors)

2、ModelSerializer自动帮忙补全序列化类的列验证

from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework import serializers

from app01.models import Author


class AuthorSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Author
        # fields = "__all__"或者fields=["name","company"]
        exclude = ["id"]


# Create your views here.
class AuthorView(APIView):

    def get(self, request):
        author_list = Author.objects.all()
        # 序列化
        serializer = AuthorSerializers(instance=author_list, many=True)

        return Response(serializer.data)

    def post(self, request):
        # 反序列化
        serializer = AuthorSerializers(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data)
        else:
            return Response(serializer.errors)

    def delete(self, request, id):
        author = Author.objects.get(pk=id).delete()
        author_all = Author.objects.all()

        return Response(request.data)

    # 修改数据
    def put(self, request, id):
        update_author = Author.objects.get(pk=id)
        serializer = AuthorSerializers(instance=update_author, data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data)
        else:
            return Response(serializer.errors)

3、GenericAPIView继承了APIView类，使得序列化直接调用更加方便。多个view之间直接复制粘贴，修改两个参数即可复用。

from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import serializers
from app01.models import Author
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView


class AuthorSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Author
        # fields = "__all__"或者fields=["name","company"]
        exclude = ["id"]


class AuthorView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Author.objects.all()
    serializer_class = AuthorSerializers

    def get(self, request):
        # author_list = self.get_queryset()获取查询结果集
        # serializer = AuthorSerializers(instance=author_list, many=True)以上两个语句等价于
        # serializer = AuthorSerializers(instance=self.get_queryset(), many=True)等价于
        # self.get_serializer_class()获取类
        serializer = self.get_serializer(instance=self.get_queryset(), many=True)

        return Response(serializer.data)

    def post(self, request):
        # 反序列化
        serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data)
        else:
            return Response(serializer.errors)

    def delete(self, request, pk):
        # 类似类.objects.get(pk=pk)
        author = self.get_object().delete()
        return Response(request.data)

    # 修改数据
    def put(self, request, pk):
        serializer = self.get_serializer(instance=self.get_object(), data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data)
        else:
            return Response(serializer.errors)

4、多继承，在GenericAPIView的基础上，封装了get,post等方法，由于请求链接不同，因此需要分成两个类

#路由部分
urlpatterns = [
    path('author/', views.AuthorView.as_view()),
    re_path("author/(?P<pk>\d+)", views.AuthorDetailView.as_view())
]

#views页面
from rest_framework import serializers
from app01.models import Author
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin


class AuthorSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Author
        # fields = "__all__"或者fields=["name","company"]
        exclude = ["id"]


class AuthorView(ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Author.objects.all()
    serializer_class = AuthorSerializers

    def get(self, request):
        return self.list(request)

    def post(self, request):
        return self.create(request)


class AuthorDetailView(UpdateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Author.objects.all()
    serializer_class = AuthorSerializers

    def get(self, request, pk):
        return self.retrieve(request, pk)

    def delete(self, request, pk):
        return self.destroy(request, pk)

    # 修改数据
    def put(self, request, pk):
        return self.update(request, pk)

扩展：from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView, ListCreateAPIView,RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView

以上把多个方法集成封装到了一个类，调用起来会更加方便。

5、ViewSet重构了分发机制，可以重写设置方法名称

#路由分发
urlpatterns = [
    path('author/', views.AuthorView.as_view({"get": "list"})),
    re_path("author/(?P<pk>\d+)", views.AuthorView.as_view({"get": "get_object"}))
]

#view部分
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSet


class AuthorView(ViewSet):
    queryset = Author.objects.all()
    serializer_class = AuthorSerializers

    def list(self, request):
        return Response("get all")

    def get_object(self, request, pk):
        return Response("get"+pk)