本文涉及到目前遇到的几个方面的问题,也是分享,也做个记号备忘。
1,thttpd服务器搭建
1)下载: http://www.acme.com/software/thttpd/
2) 交叉编译
命令:CC=arm-linux-gcc ./configure --host=arm-linux
这里有几个问题需要注意,比较令人郁闷的事情
1,config.cache会记录上次的配置,所以一定要先删除,再配置
2,配置语句:CC=arm-linux-gcc ./configure --host=arm-linux
3,不能建立build目录,使用../configure 配置
4,编译完成后,用如下命令可启动之:
sudo ./thttpd -d /home/lfx/html/ -c /cgi-bin/\*
也可使用配置文件启动:sudo ./thttpd -C thttpd.conf
thttpd.conf中需要添加cgipat=/cgi-bin/* 以便支持cgi
cgi的路径,实际上是从配置文件的dir路径开始算的。
chroot要删除。
5,配置完成后,要得到CGI的运行结果,可以输入这样的地址:
http://192.168.12.44/cgi-bin/getdate.sh
把配置文件thttpd.conf的内容贴在这里
# This section overrides defaults
dir=/home/lfx/html
#chroot
user=lfx# default = nobody
logfile=/var/log/thttpd.log
pidfile=/var/run/thttpd.pid
cgipat=/cgi-bin/*
charset=UTF-8
max_age=0
# This section _documents_ defaults in effect
# port=80
# nosymlink# default = !chroot
# novhost
# nocgipat
# nothrottles
# host=0.0.0.0
# charset=iso-8859-1
2,CGI参数传递
CGI的参数传递有两种方法,一个比较简单,就是在URL后面直接跟参数,
就像这样http://192.168.12.44/cgi-bin/myscript.sh?lfx+123456
这种做法的好处是不需要解析,在服务端,会直接调用myscript.sh lfx 123
还有一种比较通用,但是稍微麻烦的格式:
http://192.168.12.44/cgi-bin/myscript.sh?username=lfx&password=123456
这种的好处是通用,几乎都是这么弄的。坏处是字符串没直接传递过来,而是放在环境变量:QUERY_STRING中。
而QUERY_STRING的值为username=lfx&password=123456
下面两个脚本,一个是工具脚本,负责解析,另一个是演示脚本
工具脚本proccgi.sh
#!/bin/sh
#
# Process input to a CGI script. Written and Copyright 1995 Frank Pilhofer
# You may freely use and distribute this code free of charge provided that
# this copyright notice remains. fp@informatik.uni-frankfurt.de
#
# All variables in here are prefixed by _F_, so you shouldn't have
# any conflicts with your own var names
#
# get query string. if $REQUEST_METHOD is "POST", then it must be read
# from stdin, else it's in $QUERY_STRING
#
if [ ${DEBUG:-0} -eq 1 ] ; then
echo --Program Starts-- 1>&2
fi
#
if [ "$REQUEST_METHOD" = "POST" ] ; then
_F_QUERY_STRING=`dd count=$CONTENT_LENGTH bs=1 2> /dev/null`"&"
if [ "$QUERY_STRING" != "" ] ; then
_F_QUERY_STRING="$_F_QUERY_STRING""$QUERY_STRING""&"
fi
if [ ${DEBUG:-0} -eq 1 ] ; then
echo --Posted String-- 1>&2
fi
else
_F_QUERY_STRING="$QUERY_STRING""&"
if [ ${DEBUG:-0} -eq 1 ] ; then
echo --Query String-- 1>&2
fi
fi
if [ ${DEBUG:-0} -eq 1 ] ; then
( echo " " $_F_QUERY_STRING
echo --Adding Arguments-- ) 1>&2
fi
#
# if there are arguments, use them as well.
#
for _F_PAR in $* ; do
_F_QUERY_STRING="$_F_QUERY_STRING""$_F_PAR""&"
if [ ${DEBUG:-0} -eq 1 ] ; then
echo " " arg $_F_PAR 1>&2
fi
done
if [ ${DEBUG:-0} -eq 1 ] ; then
( echo --With Added Arguments--
echo " " $_F_QUERY_STRING ) 1>&2
fi
#
# if $PATH_INFO is not empty and contains definitions '=', append it as well.
# but replace slashes by ampersands
#
if echo $PATH_INFO | grep = > /dev/null ; then
_F_PATH_INFO="$PATH_INFO""//"
if [ ${DEBUG:-0} -eq 1 ] ; then
( echo --Adding Path Info--
echo " " $_F_PATH_INFO ) 1>&2
fi
while [ "$_F_PATH_INFO" != "" -a "$_F_PATH_INFO" != "/" ] ; do
_F_QUERY_STRING="$_F_QUERY_STRING""`echo $_F_PATH_INFO | cut -d / -f 1`""&"
_F_PATH_INFO=`echo $_F_PATH_INFO | cut -s -d / -f 2-`
done
fi
#
# append another '&' to fool some braindead cut implementations. Test yours:
# echo 'i am braindead!' | cut -d '!' -f 2
#
_F_QUERY_STRING="$_F_QUERY_STRING""&"
#
if [ ${DEBUG:-0} -eq 1 ] ; then
( echo --Final Query String--
echo " " $_F_QUERY_STRING ) 1>&2
fi
#
while [ "$_F_QUERY_STRING" != "" -a "$_F_QUERY_STRING" != "&" ] ; do
_F_VARDEF=`echo $_F_QUERY_STRING | cut -d \& -f 1`
# _F_QUERY_STRING=`echo $_F_QUERY_STRING | cut -d \& -f 2-`
_F_VAR=`echo $_F_VARDEF | cut -d = -f 1`
_F_VAL=`echo "$_F_VARDEF""=" | cut -d = -f 2`
#
# Workaround for more braindead cut implementations that strip delimiters
# at the end of the line (i.e. HP-UX 10)
#
if echo $_F_QUERY_STRING | grep -c \& > /dev/null ; then
_F_QUERY_STRING=`echo $_F_QUERY_STRING | cut -d \& -f 2-`
else
_F_QUERY_STRING=""
fi
if [ ${DEBUG:-0} -eq 1 ] ; then
( echo --Got Variable--
echo " " var=$_F_VAR
echo " " val=$_F_VAL
echo " " rem=$_F_QUERY_STRING ) 1>&2
fi
if [ "$_F_VAR" = "" ] ; then
continue
fi
#
# replace '+' by spaces
#
_F_VAL="$_F_VAL""++"
_F_TMP=
while [ "$_F_VAL" != "" -a "$_F_VAL" != "+" -a "$_F_VAL" != "++" ] ; do
_F_TMP="$_F_TMP""`echo $_F_VAL | cut -d + -f 1`"
_F_VAL=`echo $_F_VAL | cut -s -d + -f 2-`
if [ "$_F_VAL" != "" -a "$_F_VAL" != "+" ] ; then
_F_TMP="$_F_TMP"" "
fi
done
if [ ${DEBUG:-0} -eq 1 ] ; then
echo " " vrs=$_F_TMP 1>&2
fi
#
# replace '%XX' by ascii character. the hex sequence MUST BE uppercase
#
_F_TMP="$_F_TMP""%%"
_F_VAL=
while [ "$_F_TMP" != "" -a "$_F_TMP" != "%" ] ; do
_F_VAL="$_F_VAL""`echo $_F_TMP | cut -d % -f 1`"
_F_TMP=`echo $_F_TMP | cut -s -d % -f 2-`
if [ "$_F_TMP" != "" -a "$_F_TMP" != "%" ] ; then
if [ ${DEBUG:-0} -eq 1 ] ; then
echo " " got hex "%" $_F_TMP 1>&2
fi
_F_HEX=`echo $_F_TMP | cut -c 1-2 | tr "abcdef" "ABCDEF"`
_F_TMP=`echo $_F_TMP | cut -c 3-`
#
# can't handle newlines anyway. replace by space
#
# if [ "$_F_HEX" = "0A" ] ; then
# _F_HEX="20"
# fi
_F_VAL="$_F_VAL""`/bin/echo '\0'\`echo "16i8o"$_F_HEX"p" | dc\``"
fi
done
#
# replace forward quotes to backward quotes, since we have trouble handling
# the former ones.
#
_F_VAL=`echo $_F_VAL | tr "'" '\`'`
#
# if debug, send variables to stderr
#
if [ ${DEBUG:-0} -eq 1 ] ; then
( echo --Final Assignment--
echo "FORM_$_F_VAR"=\'$_F_VAL\' ) 1>&2
fi
# /bin/echo "FORM_$_F_VAR"=\'$_F_VAL\'
/bin/echo "FORM_$_F_VAR"="'"$_F_VAL"'"
done
#
if [ ${DEBUG:-0} -eq 1 ] ; then
echo done. 1>&2
fi
测试脚本:myscript.sh
#!/bin/sh
eval `./proccgi.sh $QUERY_STRING`
echo Content-type: text/plain
echo
echo $FORM_username
echo $FORM_password
echo here...
echo $#
echo $*
echo $QUERY_STRING
echo
echo `export`
3,CGI调用
网页的部分,为了在网页中调用URL,需要这样做:
<script>
function jv_httpGet(url)
{
var xmlhttp;
if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
{// code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari
xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();
}
else
{// code for IE6, IE5
xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
xmlhttp.open("GET",url,false);
xmlhttp.send();
return xmlhttp.responseText;
}
function display()
{
var url = http://192.168.12.44/cgi-bin/myscript.sh?lfx+123456
var ret = jv_httpGet(url);
document.write(ret);
}
</script>
4,强制刷新
之所以要强制刷新,是因为IE在运行时,会询问服务器是否有更新,如果没有更新则不重新收数据。服务器也不重新给它发。
然而可恨的是,CGI程序本身没变,但它的运行结果却发生了变化。而服务器又以为没有变化
为解决这个问题,只好强制刷新。
修改方法,是CGI调用时,加上个东西:
function jv_httpGet(url)
{
var xmlhttp;
if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
{// code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari
xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();
}
else
{// code for IE6, IE5
xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
xmlhttp.open("GET",url+"+#"+new Date().getTime(),false);
xmlhttp.send();
return xmlhttp.responseText;
}
注意其中红色的部分,是比原来增加的。
对应的,服务端的程序必须处理这多出来的部分。我们用#来认为它是注释,解决掉这个问题